Sensing Free Surface of Arc Weld Pool Using Specular Reflection: Principle and Analysis

Kovacevic, Radovan; Zhang, Y M

doi:10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_154_02

Cited by 45 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A structured-light vision system was developed in [48] projecting a pulsed laser on the weld pool surface through a special grid. A high shutter-speed camera was used to capture the laser stripe pattern reflected by the weld pool surface.…”

Section: Structured-light Based Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-Time Measurement of Three Dimensional Weld Pool Surface in GTAW

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

Zhang³

2012

Welding Processes

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Section: Structured-light Based Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The captured image from [48] was applied as an example in the study. Although this work did not propose a new reconstruction algorithm, it provided some novel insights of 3D weld pool surface measurement.…”

Section: Structured-light Based Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Measurement of Three Dimensional Weld Pool Surface in GTAW

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

Zhang³

2012

Welding Processes

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“…Pioneering work was conducted at the University of Kentucky by Kovacevic and Zhang [9]. In this approach, the reflection of high power illumination laser pattem from weld pool surface is directly viewed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Gas Metal Arc Weld Pool Surface From Reflected Laser Pattern

Ma¹,

Zhang

2013

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering

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A system has been developed to measure the three-dimensional weld pool surface geometry in the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. It utilizes the specular nature of the weld pool surface by projecting a five-line laser pattern onto the surface and imaging its reflection. Specifically, the laser reflection is intercepted by an imaging plane and captured using a high speed camera. The reflected pattern is used to reconstruct the weld pool surface based on the law of reflection. Two reconstruction algorithms, referred to as center-points reconstruction and piece--wise weld pool surface reconstruction algorithm, are applied to sequentially reconstruct the weld pool height and three-dimensional surface geometry. Reconstructions has been conducted using simulated weld pool surface to provide a method to compare the reconstruction result with a known surface and evaluate the reconstruction accuracy. It is found that the proposed method is capable of reconstructing weld pool surface with acceptable accuracy. The height error of reconstructed center-points is iess than O.I mm and the error of estimated weld pool boundary is less than 10%. Reconstruction results from images captured in welding experiments are also demonstrated.

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“…Important information such as weld defects and weld joint penetration are contained in the surface deformation of the weld pool in GTAW process [9,10]. The geometry of weld pool has been studied in order to monitor and control the weld joint penetration and characterization parameters of the weld pool geometry are proposed [11][12][13]. However, despite the successes in monitoring the weld pool, the interpreting and modeling of the mechanism of human welder's behavior remains challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANFIS Modeling of Human Welder's Response to Three-Dimensional Weld Pool Surface in GTAW

Liu¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang

2013

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering

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Understanding and modeling of the human welder's response to three-dimensional (3D) weld pool surface may help develop next generation intelligent welding machines and train welders faster. In this paper, human welder's adjustment on the welding current as a response to the 3D weld pool surface characterized by its width, length, and convexity is studied. An innovative vision system is used to real-time measure the specular 3D weld pool surface under strong arc in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Experiments are designed to produce random changes in the welding speed resulting in fluctuations in the weld pool surface. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is proposed to correlate the human welder's response to the 3D weld pool surface using three inputs including the weld pool width, length and convexity. The human welder's behavior is not only related to the 3D weld pool geometry but also relies on the welder's previous adjustment. In this sense, a four input ANFIS model adding the previous human welder's response as a model input is developed and compared with the fitted linear model. It is found that the proposed ANFIS model can derive a more accurate correlation between the human welder's responses and the weld pool geometry and help understand the nonlinear response of the human welder to 3D weld pool surfaces.

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Sensing Free Surface of Arc Weld Pool Using Specular Reflection: Principle and Analysis

Cited by 45 publications

References 14 publications

Real-Time Measurement of Three Dimensional Weld Pool Surface in GTAW

Real-Time Measurement of Three Dimensional Weld Pool Surface in GTAW

Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Gas Metal Arc Weld Pool Surface From Reflected Laser Pattern

ANFIS Modeling of Human Welder's Response to Three-Dimensional Weld Pool Surface in GTAW

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