Sensing Creep Evolution in 410 Stainless Steel by Magnetic Measurements

Abstract

The creep evolution was followed by conducting magnetic measurements on ferromagnetic steel samples exposed to different creep strains at a constant temperature. 410 stainless steel (410 SS) rods were submitted to creep at 625°C applying a constant stress of 124 MPa for different creep times. A magnetic hysteresis curve was generated for every sample. It was found that the shape of the hysteresis curves varied with creep time. The extent of creep was assessed by measuring magnetic saturation, coercivity, and remanence. The changes in microstructure due to creep are related to variations in magnetic properties, which are explained in terms of possible magnetic domain pinning. It was observed that the microstructural changes due to creep are better correlated with the coercivity of the material. In summary, it is feasible to use a magnetoelastic sensor to detect the partial level of creep in a ferromagnetic material by nondestructive examination.

Electromagnetic sensors for assessing and monitoring civil infrastructures

“…For example, creep-induced microstructure degradation was tentatively characterized via magnetic measurement. 19,20 The magnetic phase constitution gage is a promising tool in monitoring phase transformation. A type of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) unit was developed in order to evaluate the transformation of d-ferrite to nonmagnetic phases during fatigue in welded steels.…”

Calibration of Elasto-Magnetic Sensors on In-Service Cable-Stayed Bridges for Stress Monitoring

“…In the same year, Tang et al designed a new EM sensor that performs temperature compensation in a wide temperature range [ 15 ]. The use of EM sensors for the detection of creep in ferromagnetic materials was examined by Polar et al, in 2010 [ 16 ]. In the same year, Cao and Wang studied structural effects using data collected by EM sensors [ 17 ].…”