“…Typically, these stress-tests are automatically generated using optimization approaches, such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), guided by direct voltage measurements [2,8]. Since X-Gene2 doesn't support fine-grained voltage measurements, to generate dI/dt viruses, we use an alternative methodology which is based on sensing high voltage noise through CPU electromagnetic emanations (EM) [14]. Essentially, we use GA to craft a loop of instructions that maximizes radiated EM amplitude.…”