Sensing Characteristics of Femtosecond Laser-Induced Long Period Gratings by Filling Cladding Holes in Photonic Crystal Fiber

Liu, Shujing; Luo, Min; Ji, Qiang

doi:10.1109/jlt.2014.2323403

Cited by 27 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Any change in the surrounding RI alters the effective indices of the cladding modes inducing changes in the wavelength position and the attenuation intensity at the resonance band. The grating's transmission spectrum is characterized by a set of transmission dips, corresponding to different cladding modes, at wavelengths that satisfy Equation (2). Consequently, the expression to calculate the minimum transmission of the attenuation bands is defined as [1,25,26]:…”

Section: Lpfgs Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) are applied to couple light between the core mode and the co-propagating cladding modes in different types of fibers [ 1 ], such as photonic crystal fibers [ 2 ], standard single mode optical fibers [ 3 ], polarization-maintaining fibers [ 4 ], and photosensitive fibers [ 5 , 6 ]. They are intrinsically sensitive to external perturbations, enabling the measurement of several parameters [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature Stability and Spectral Tuning of Long Period Fiber Gratings Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

Viveiros

Almeida

Coelho

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) were fabricated in a standard single mode fiber (SMF-28e) through femtosecond (fs) laser direct writing. LPFGs with longer and shorter periods were fabricated, which allows coupling from the fundamental core mode to lower and higher order asymmetric cladding modes (LP1,6 and LP1,12, respectively). For the grating periods of 182.7 and 192.5 µm, it was verified that the LP1,12 mode exhibits a TAP at approximately 1380 and 1448 nm in air and water, respectively. Characterization of the LPFGs subjected to high-temperature thermal treatment was accomplished. Fine-tuning of the resonance band’s position and thermal stability up to 600 °C was shown. The temperature sensitivity was characterized for the gratings with different periods and for different temperature ranges. A maximum sensitivity of −180.73, and 179.29 pm/°C was obtained for the two resonances of the 182.7 µm TAP LPFG, in the range between 250 and 600 °C.

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Section: Lpfgs Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Stability and Spectral Tuning of Long Period Fiber Gratings Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

Viveiros

Almeida

Coelho

et al. 2020

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Applying strain to LPFGs along the axial direction leads to axially stretching, which causes variations in the grating pitch Λ and the refractive index of both the core and cladding, due to photo-elastic effects in the fiber. This induces resonant wavelength shifts in LPFGs, which have been used as strain sensors in multiple studies [ 35 ]. However, the strain properties of TLPFGs have not been investigated as thoroughly.…”

Section: Strain Sensing Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing Characteristics of Tilted Long Period Fiber Gratings Inscribed by Infrared Femtosecond Laser

Tang

Bai

et al. 2018

Sensors

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We propose a novel tilted long period fiber grating (TLPFG) design, inscribed using a line-by-line inscription technique and an infrared femtosecond (Fs) laser. The responses of this TLPFG to external refractive index, temperature, torsion, and strain were systematically investigated to determine its sensing characteristics. The external refractive index (RI) was measured to be −602.86 nm/RIU at an RI of ~1.432. The TLPFG was used to accurately measure temperatures up to 450 °C with a sensitivity of 103.8 pm/°C. The torsion and strain sensitivity of the device were 48.94 nm/(rad/mm) and −0.63 pm/µε, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed TLPFG could be used as sensors in a series of application fields including high temperatures and external environments.

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“…In the past several decades there has been an increasing amount of research on functional photonic crystal devices. Due to their unique photonic band gap [1,2], photonic crystals have been widely applied in various photonic devices, including waveguides and filters [3,4], fibers and lasers [5][6][7][8], beam splitters [9][10][11][12], sensors [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and so on. The study of photonic crystal sensors, with their small size, ease of integration and fast response, has become particularly popular in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-Q, high-sensitivity refractive index sensor based on abundant defective modes of a 12-fold quasiperiodic photonic crystal

Zhou¹,

Cui²,

Feng³

et al. 2019

Laser Phys. Lett.

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The refractive index-sensing characteristics of the defective modes of a 12-fold quasiperiodic photonic crystal are studied. The proposed structure is composed of silicon rods immersed in a free-flowing liquid environment, which is convenient for achieving realtime detection. The refractive index sensitivity of our proposed structure is about 894 nm per refractive index unit (RIU) for near-infrared wavelengths around 1550 nm, and the limit of detection is 8.75 × 10 −5 RIU. The influence of the thickness of protein attached to the silicon columns on the shift and transmittance of the resonant wavelengths is also studied: the quality factor of the resonant peak is more than 1.2 × 10 5 , and a minimum variation in protein thickness of less than 5 nm can be distinguished by optimizing the size of the central column.

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Sensing Characteristics of Femtosecond Laser-Induced Long Period Gratings by Filling Cladding Holes in Photonic Crystal Fiber

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Temperature Stability and Spectral Tuning of Long Period Fiber Gratings Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

Temperature Stability and Spectral Tuning of Long Period Fiber Gratings Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

Sensing Characteristics of Tilted Long Period Fiber Gratings Inscribed by Infrared Femtosecond Laser

A high-Q, high-sensitivity refractive index sensor based on abundant defective modes of a 12-fold quasiperiodic photonic crystal

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