Sense of humor and styles of everyday humorous conduct

Craik, Kenneth H.; Lampert, Martin D.; Nelson, Arvalea J.

doi:10.1515/humr.1996.9.3-4.273

Cited by 117 publications

(125 citation statements)

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“…This is not surprising for amusement due to the social desirability of being able to appreciate funny things (Craik, Lampert, & Nelson, 1996). It is possible that the level of joy assigned is an indicator of appreciation and thus exaggerated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in gelotophobia and responses to laughter-eliciting emotions

Ruch

Hofmann

Platt

2015

Personality and Individual Differences

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Gelotophobes (individuals with a fear of being laughed at) have even been found to express less joy and more contempt towards joyfully smiling/laughing faces compared to non-gelotophobes. However, it is unclear whether the lower levels of joy and higher levels of contempt are related to joy per se or only to those elements of joy associated with laughter. Thus, this study investigated the verbal and facial responses of 20 gelotophobes and 20 non-gelotophobes towards videos of people recalling memories of laughter-eliciting positive emotions (amusement, relief, schadenfreude, tactile pleasure). The facial expressions of the participants were clandestinely filmed and evaluated by the Facial Action Coding System (FACS; Ekman, Friesen, Hager, 2002). Smiles of enjoyment and "markers of contempt" were coded and verbal ratings of the participants obtained. Gelotophobes responded with less joyful smiles and with more expressions of contempt to laughter-eliciting emotions than did non-gelotophobes. Gelotophobes also rated the degree of joy expressed by participants in the video clips of tactile pleasure and relief lower than non-gelotophobes. No differences occurred in ratings of aversiveness. The results suggest that gelotophobes have a negative bias towards laughter-eliciting situations stemming from different positive elicitors. Abstract Gelotophobes (individuals with a fear of being laughed at) have even been found to express less joy and more contempt towards joyfully smiling/laughing faces compared to nongelotophobes. However, it is unclear whether the lower levels of joy and higher levels of contempt are related to joy per se or only to those elements of joy associated with laughter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in gelotophobia and responses to laughter-eliciting emotions

Ruch

Hofmann

Platt

2015

Personality and Individual Differences

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“…Different structural models of humor have been proposed involving a different number of facets or components (e.g., Craik, Lampert, & Nelson, 1996;Ruch, 2012). While McGhee (2010b) proposed six humor skills (i.e., enjoyment of humor, laughter, verbal humor, humor in everyday life, laughing at yourself, humor under stress), psychometric studies (Köhler & Ruch, 1996;Müller & Ruch, 2011;Ruch & Carrell, 1998) show that these components mostly mark a strong factor of humor that typically unites "[…] enjoying humorous stimuli, finding humour in everyday life and even in one's own mishaps, enjoying cheerful interactions and telling jokes" (Ruch & Carrell, 1998;p.…”

Section: Developing Self-administered Humor-based Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humor-based online positive psychology interventions: A randomized placebo-controlled long-term trial

Wellenzohn

Proyer

Ruch

2016

The Journal of Positive Psychology

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While correlational evidence exists that humor is positively associated with well-being, only few studies addressed causality. We tested the effects of five humor-based activities on happiness and depression in a placebo-controlled, self-administered online positive psychology intervention study (N = 632 adults). All of the five one-week interventions enhanced happiness, three for up to six months (i.e. three funny things, applying humor, and counting funny things), whereas there were only shortterm effects on depression (all were effective directly after the intervention). Additionally, we tested the moderating role of indicators of a person × intervention-fit and identified early changes in well-being and preference (liking of the intervention) as the most potent indicators for changes six months after the intervention. Overall, we were able to replicate existing work, but also extend knowledge in the field by testing newly developed interventions for the first time. While correlational evidence exists that humor is positively associated with well-being, only few studies addressed causality. We tested the effects of five humor-based activities on happiness and depression in a placebo-controlled, self-administered online positive psychology intervention (PPI) study (N = 632 adults). All of the five one-week interventions enhanced happiness, three for up to six months (i.e., three funny things, applying humor, and counting funny things), whereas there were only short-term effects on depression (all were effective directly after the intervention). Additionally, we tested the moderating role of indicators of a person×intervention-fit and identified early changes in well-being and preference (liking of the intervention) as the most potent indicators for changes six months after the intervention. Overall, we were able to replicate existing work, but also extend knowledge in the field by testing newly developed interventions for the first time. Findings are discussed with respect to the current literature.

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“…2 For an exception, see items of the State-Trait-Cheerfulness Inventory (trait form, STCI-T<106>; Ruch et al, 1996, item 86: "Irony doesn't suit me") as well as the Humorous Behavior Q-sort Deck (HBQD; Craik, Lampert, & Nelson, 1996, item 57: "Is sarcastic. ").…”

Section: Footnotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virgin soil in irony research: Personality, humor, and the “sense of irony”.

Bruntsch¹,

Hofmann²,

Ruch³

2016

Translational Issues in Psychological Science

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he aim of the paper is fourfold: (a) show why humor scholars should study irony, (b) explore the need for considering interindividual differences in healthy adults' irony performance, (c) stress the necessity for developing tools assessing habitual differences in irony performance, and (d) indicate future directions for joint irony and humor research and outline possible applications. Verbal irony is often employed with a benevolent humorous intent by speakers, but can also serve as a means of disparagement humor. In both cases, encoding and decoding activities entailing irony need to be considered in the context of the psychology of humor. We argue that verbal irony performance can be considered a phenomenon native to the realm of humor and individual differences. We point out that research has widely neglected the meaningfulness of variance in irony performance within experimental groups when looking at determinants of irony detection and production. Based on theoretical considerations and previous empirical findings we show that this variance can be easily related to individual-differences variables such as the sense of humor, dispositions toward laughter and ridicule (e.g., gelotophobia), and general mental ability. Furthermore, we hypothesize that there is an enduring trait determining irony performance we will label the sense of irony. The sense of irony possibly goes along with inclinations toward specific affective and cognitive processing patterns when dealing with verbal irony. As an application, novel irony performance tests can help to study psychological and neurophysiological correlates of irony performance more feasibly, that is, in nonclinical groups. The aim of the paper is fourfold: 1) show why humor scholars should study irony; 2) explore

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Sense of humor and styles of everyday humorous conduct

Cited by 117 publications

References 0 publications

Individual differences in gelotophobia and responses to laughter-eliciting emotions

Individual differences in gelotophobia and responses to laughter-eliciting emotions

Humor-based online positive psychology interventions: A randomized placebo-controlled long-term trial

Virgin soil in irony research: Personality, humor, and the “sense of irony”.

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