Sensation seeking and negative affectivity as predictors of risky behaviors: A distinction between occasional versus frequent risk-taking

A Finer Examination of the Role That Negative Affect Plays in the Relationship Between Paternal Alcoholism and the Onset of Alcohol and Marijuana Use

“…Some studies have found negative affect to be signifi cantly associated with substance use (e.g., Desrichard and Denarie, 2005;Hussong and Hicks, 2003;Shoal and Giancola, 2001), whereas others have not (e.g., Clark et al, 1999;Shoal et al, 2005). It also should be noted that the majority of studies conducted to date have used a general global indicator of negative affect, potentially masking differential relationships between specifi c components of negative affect and substance use.…”

“…In addition, research examining individuals who have a parent with a substance-use disorder has found that they exhibit higher levels of negative affect in comparison with those that do not have a parent with a substance-use disorder (Chassin and Ritter, 2001;Clark et al, 1999;Shoal and Giancola, 2001). Negative affect also has been linked to substance use during adolescence (Desrichard and Denarie, 2005;Hussong and Hicks, 2003;Shoal and Giancola, 2001;Wills et al, 1999).…”

“…For example, some studies have examined high-risk adolescents (Clark et al, 1999), whereas others have examined community samples of adolescents (Hussong and Hicks, 2003;Wills et al, 1999). In addition, some investigations have used clinical diagnostic measures to assess negative affect (e.g., Clark et al, 1999), whereas others have used self-report, parent-report, or teacher-report measures of symptomatology (e.g., Desrichard and Denarie, 2005;Hussong and Hicks, 2003;Shoal et al, 2005). Finally, a variety of indicators of substance use have been examined.…”

Temperament and character traits associated with the use of alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, benzodiazepines, and hallucinogens: evidence from a large Brazilian web survey

“…13 Both of these traits have been considered major personality variables when related to alcohol and drug consumption for empirical and conceptual reasons. 14,15 Higher scores in these traits have been reported in users of cocaine, 16,17 alcohol, 8,18,19 heroin, 20,21 tobacco, 22 and even cola drinks, although not for coffee. 23 The biological underpinnings related to drug-seeking behavior, 24 externalizing tendencies, 25 NS, 26 and SS 13 are highly overlapping and generally associated with dysregulation of the frontal cortex and of the mesolimbic dopamine system.…”

“…Based on previous studies 14, 15 and on conceptual grounds, 25,26 the hypotheses of this study were: NS would be a general predictor of substance experimentation, use, abuse and dependence; HA would be diminished in general in substance abusers and dependents; and ST would be higher among subjects with greater cannabis and hallucinogen involvement.…”