“…This paper makes several contributions by clarifying the contradictory findings on SMI from past studies (Balachandra, 1996;Brockhoff, 1994;de Brentani et al, 2010;Gomes et al, 2001;McComb et al, 2008). First, although we confirm SMI as an important success factor (Cooper and Kleinschmidt, 1995), we show that there is an optimal degree of SMI for PTQ.…”