Senile and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Hawkins, Federico; Garla, Vishnu; Allo, Gonzalo; Males, David; Mola, Laura; Corpas, Emiliano

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819667-0.00005-6

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In terms of age- dependent manner, we can find a clue in the distinct pathophysiology between postmenopausal osteoporosis and senile osteoporosis. Postmenopausal osteoporosis occurs between 50 and 65 years of age and is primarily due to estrogen deficiency, whereas senile osteoporosis develops after 70 years of age and is mainly due to the deficiency of mineral and vitamin and increased bone turnover ( Hawkins et al, 2021 ). Considering that estrogen has been established as a protective hormone in PD ( Ragonese et al, 2006 ; Lee et al, 2019 ), the low bone density in younger PD patients of this study may have been attributed to estrogen deficiency, which consecutively leads to unfavorable motor prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low skull bone density is associated with poor motor prognosis in women with Parkinson’s disease

Jeong

Hong²,

Lee³

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Parkinson’s disease (PD) and osteoporosis are degenerative diseases that have shared pathomechanisms. To investigate the associations of skull bone density with nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration and longitudinal motor prognosis in female patients with PD. We analyzed the data of 260 drug-naïve female PD patients aged ≥50 years old who were followed-up for ≥3 years after their first visit to the clinic with baseline dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging. We measured skull bone density as a surrogate marker for systemic bone loss by calculating the Hounsfield unit (HU) in computed tomography scans. A Cox proportional hazard model was built to compare the rates of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) or wearing-off according to skull HU. Longitudinal changes in levodopa-equivalent dose (LED) during a 3-year follow-up were assessed using a linear mixed model. A lower skull HU was associated with lower baseline DAT availability in striatal subregions; however, this relationship was not significant after adjusting for age, disease duration, body mass index, and white matter hyperintensities. After adjusting for confounding factors, a lower skull HU was significantly associated with an increased risk of LID development (hazard ratio = 1.660 per 1 standard deviation decrease, p = 0.007) and wearing-off (hazard ratio = 1.613, p = 0.016) in younger (<67 years) but not in older patients. Furthermore, a lower skull HU was associated with a steeper increase in LED during follow-up in younger patients only (β = –21.99, p < 0.001). This study suggests that baseline skull bone density would be closely linked to motor prognosis in drug naïve women with PD.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low skull bone density is associated with poor motor prognosis in women with Parkinson’s disease

Jeong

Hong²,

Lee³

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Osteoporosis, a chronic metabolic bone disorder, is clinically diagnosed using BMD values, where a BMD greater than or equal to 2.5 standard deviations below the normative reference is indicative of an osteoporotic bone [127]. However, osteoporosis affects bone quality starting at the ultrastructural scale, at least five or six orders of magnitude below the centimeter scale at which an averaged BMD is evaluated.…”

Section: Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, osteoporosis is a complex disease in that not all osteoporotic bones are the same because there exist multiple types of osteoporosis: senile, postmenopausal, and steroid-induced (more specifically glucocorticoid-induced). For instance, senile osteoporosis exhibits more significant cortical bone loss, whereas, for postmenopausal women, the bone loss mainly takes place in the trabecular region, giving rise to differential fracture risks [127]. Such complication necessitates an understanding of the disease starting at the nanoscale.…”

Section: Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Imaging and Analysis of Bone Pathologies

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the properties of bone is of both fundamental and clinical relevance. The basis of bone’s quality and mechanical resilience lies in its nanoscale building blocks (i.e., mineral, collagen, non-collagenous proteins, and water) and their complex interactions across length scales. Although the structure–mechanical property relationship in healthy bone tissue is relatively well characterized, not much is known about the molecular-level origin of impaired mechanics and higher fracture risks in skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis or Paget’s disease. Alterations in the ultrastructure, chemistry, and nano-/micromechanics of bone tissue in such a diverse group of diseased states have only been briefly explored. Recent research is uncovering the effects of several non-collagenous bone matrix proteins, whose deficiencies or mutations are, to some extent, implicated in bone diseases, on bone matrix quality and mechanics. Herein, we review existing studies on ultrastructural imaging—with a focus on electron microscopy—and chemical, mechanical analysis of pathological bone tissues. The nanometric details offered by these reports, from studying knockout mice models to characterizing exact disease phenotypes, can provide key insights into various bone pathologies and facilitate the development of new treatments.

show abstract

“…1,4 Primary osteoporosis is classified into types 1 and 2, also referred to as estrogen-related postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) and age-related senile osteoporosis, respectively. 5 The pathogenesis of PMOP is mainly related to the sudden onset of hypoestrogenemia at menopause which has both a direct and indirect effect on bone resorption. Indirectly, impaired T cell function increases the recruitment and lifespan of osteoclasts by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1-beta (IL-1B), IL-6, IL-11, IL-15, IL1-7, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Risk factors for PMOP include age, genetic factors, calcium and vitamin D deficiencies, use of corticosteroids and anticancer drugs, hormonal levels, physical inactivity, and low peak bone mass. 1,5,12 However, previous studies have shown that the prevalence of osteoporosis among women aged over 50 years varies widely (10.3-34.8%). 13,14 In particular, Omani women may be at higher risk of PMOP as a consequence of calcium and vitamin D deficiencies and inactive lifestyles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Markers as a Predictor of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Salmani

Shidhani

Al-Alawi

et al. 2022

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a progressive metabolic bone disease resulting from estrogen deficiency. However, due to the silent nature of the disease, there is an urgent need for a simple, early predictive marker. This study, conducted between January 2017 to December 2019, aimed to assess the potential of three factors—specifically, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)—as inflammatory markers of bone mineral density (BMD) loss. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 postmenopausal Omani women undergoing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman. Participants were allocated into groups based on lumbar spine BMD t-score values. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to find the area under the curve (AUC). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of low BMD. Results: A total of 65 (14.4%), 164 (36.4%), and 221 (49.1%) women were allocated to the control, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups, respectively. No significant differences in PLR, MLR, and NLR values were observed based on group allocation. BMD t-score values were reversely correlated with age (P = 0.007) and PLR (P = 0.004), and positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (P <0.001). The AUC was 0.59. However, the only independent predictors of low BMD were age (>65 years) and BMI (<25 kg/m2). Conclusion: None of the three inflammatory biomarkers studied were found to be useful prognostic indicators of bone loss. Further research is recommended to reject or support theories regarding the role of inflammatory status in the pathogenesis. Keywords: inflammatory markers, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, Bone mineral density, osteoporosis

show abstract

Senile and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Low skull bone density is associated with poor motor prognosis in women with Parkinson’s disease

Low skull bone density is associated with poor motor prognosis in women with Parkinson’s disease

Nanoscale Imaging and Analysis of Bone Pathologies

Inflammatory Markers as a Predictor of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About