Semiquantitative, fully automated urine test strip analysis

Oyaert, Matthijs; Delanghe, Joris

doi:10.1002/jcla.22870

Cited by 41 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our study represents the largest evaluation of a POC ACR compared to laboratory ACR to date. Similar to previous studies [ 15 – 22 ] we found that the POC analyser has good rule out utility for albuminuria, as indicated by the NPV. Our study differs from previous studies in that we simultaneously evaluated additional urine dipstick parameters aside from albuminuria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Similar studies [ 15 – 21 ] have looked at semi-quantitative POC ACR from different manufacturers, however this is the first published study on the Sysmex UC-1000® instrument. The fully automated Sysmex UC-3500® has previously been validated showing excellent precision and good analytical accuracy [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the existing framework established for POC testing with ID, we propose that POC testing for screening and early detection of CKD is feasible in our setting. Previous studies [ 15 – 22 ] have shown good negative predictive values with fair sensitivity for semi-quantitative ACR POC testing, which suggests utility as a screening test for CKD. Additionally, the ability of urine dipsticks to detect other disease markers besides albuminuria offers added benefit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Diagnostic accuracy of semiquantitative point of care urine albumin to creatinine ratio and urine dipstick analysis in a primary care resource limited setting in South Africa

et al. 2021

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Background The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is predicted to rise over the next few decades. In resource-limited settings access to central laboratory services is limited. Point-of-care (POC) urine dipstick testing offers the potential to detect markers of kidney damage (albuminuria) as well as markers of other disease processes. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the semi-quantitative albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) Sysmex UC-1000 POC urine dipstick system as well as the extent of other abnormal dipstick findings in urine. Methods 700 participants from a rural area in South Africa were screened for albuminuria. A spot urine sample was used to measure POC and central laboratory ACR. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the POC ACR, and recorded dipstick parameters. Results The prevalence of albuminuria was 11.6% (95%CI; 9.3–14.2). Those with albuminuria had higher mean diastolic (82 vs 79 mmHg, p = 0.019) and systolic (133 vs 128 mmHg, p = 0.002) blood pressures and a higher proportion of diabetes mellitus (17.6 vs 4.9%, p < 0.001). The sensitivity of the POC ACR system was 0.79, specificity 0.84, positive predictive value 0.39 and negative predictive value 0.97. The sensitivity improved to 0.80, 0.85, 0.85 and 0.89 in those with elevated blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, HIV positive status, and those 65 years and older, respectively. Abnormalities other than albuminuria were detected in 240 (34.3%) of the samples; 88 (12.6%) were positive for haematuria, 113 (16.1%) for leucocytes, 66 (9.4%) for nitrites and 27 (3.9%) for glycosuria. Conclusion Our study shows that POC ACR has good negative predictive value and could be used to rule out albuminuria when screening for CKD. Additionally, a high proportion of participants had other urine abnormalities detected with dipsticks which may reflect kidney disease or co-morbid untreated genitourinary pathology such as urinary tract infections or endemic schistosomiasis with important implications for CKD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Diagnostic accuracy of semiquantitative point of care urine albumin to creatinine ratio and urine dipstick analysis in a primary care resource limited setting in South Africa

et al. 2021

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“…The protein-specific dipstick and immunochemical techniques are the fastest and cheapest way to determine proteins in the urine for diagnostic purposes. Modern automated urine analyzers are based on similar principles and are widely used in clinical routine tests [ 57 ]. A urine analyzer is a device used in the clinical setting to perform automatic urine testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Detection and quantification of proteins in human urine

Aitekenov

Gaipov

Bukasov

2021

Talanta

104

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Extensive medical research showed that patients, with high protein concentration in urine, have various kinds of kidney diseases, referred to as proteinuria. Urinary protein biomarkers are useful for diagnosis of many health conditions – kidney and cardio vascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, infections. This review focuses on the instrumental quantification (electrophoresis, chromatography, immunoassays, mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, the infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy) of proteins (the most of all albumin) in human urine matrix. Different techniques provide unique information on what constituents of the urine are. Due to complex nature of urine, a separation step by electrophoresis or chromatography are often used for proteomics study of urine. Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for the discovery and the analysis of biomarkers in urine, however, costs of the analysis are high, especially for quantitative analysis. Immunoassays, which often come with fluorescence detection, are major qualitative and quantitative tools in clinical analysis. While Infrared and Raman spectroscopies do not give extensive information about urine, they could become important tools for the routine clinical diagnostics of kidney problems, due to rapidness and low-cost. Thus, it is important to review all the applicable techniques and methods related to urine analysis. In this review, a brief overview of each technique’s principle is introduced. Where applicable, research papers about protein determination in urine are summarized with the main figures of merits, such as the limit of detection, the detectable range, recovery and accuracy, when available.

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“…The LE strip test was first applied to urinary tract infections and automation technology was also first introduced to the detection of urinary tract infections. Today, a wide array of models and types of urine analysis systems [65][66][67] have been available. The advantage of automatic detection lies in that it can provide stable and consistent external conditions and a controllable time setting, and machine reading eliminates subjective factors.…”

Section: Machine Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of leukocyte esterase strip test in the screening of periprosthetic joint infections and prospects of high-precision strips

Zheng

Zhang

2020

Arthroplasty

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Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents one of the most challenging complications after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Despite the availability of a variety of diagnostic techniques, the diagnosis of PJI remains a challenge due to the lack of well-established diagnostic criteria. The leucocyte esterase (LE) strips test has been proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool for PJI, and its weight in PJI diagnostic criteria has gradually increased. Characterized by its convenience, speed and immediacy, leucocyte esterase strips test has a prospect of broad application in PJI diagnosis. Admittedly, the leucocyte esterase strips test has some limitations, such as imprecision and liability to interference. Thanks to the application of new technologies, such as machine reading, quantitative detection and artificial intelligence, the LE strips test is expected to overcome the limitations and improve its accuracy.

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Semiquantitative, fully automated urine test strip analysis

Cited by 41 publications

References 12 publications

Diagnostic accuracy of semiquantitative point of care urine albumin to creatinine ratio and urine dipstick analysis in a primary care resource limited setting in South Africa

Diagnostic accuracy of semiquantitative point of care urine albumin to creatinine ratio and urine dipstick analysis in a primary care resource limited setting in South Africa

Review: Detection and quantification of proteins in human urine

Application of leukocyte esterase strip test in the screening of periprosthetic joint infections and prospects of high-precision strips

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