Semiochemicals from larval food affect
the locomotory behaviour of <i>Varroa destructor</i>

Nazzi, Francesco; Milani, N.; Vedova, Giorgio Della; Nimis, Matteo

doi:10.1051/apido:2001120

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The actitvity of larval food extracts on the varroa mite under laboratory conditions confirmed previous data (Nazzi et al, 2001). The loss of biological activity after neutralization with sodium bicarbonate indicates that the active semiochemicals contained in larval food are acidic compounds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…A four-well arena was used (Rosenkranz, 1993;Nazzi et al, 2001); the treatment dissolved in ether or acetone was applied to two opposite wells while the others were used as controls and treated with the solvent alone. After evaporation of the solvent one bee larva was placed into each well, then one adult female mite was placed in the centre of the arena at 1 cm from each well.…”

Section: Laboratory Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the mite is carried to the brood cell by a nurse bee, the preference for nurse bees over bee larvae was a puzzling result that prompted the research on further stimuli involved in the process of cell invasion by the mite. Recently Nazzi et al (2001) demonstrated the biological activity of larval food and its acetone and ether extracts on V. destructor by using a bioassay in which the behaviour of the mite was studied in a four-well arena. The biological activity of larval food extracts was later confirmed by Calderone and Lin (2001) using a different bioassay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A semiochemical from larval food influences the entrance of Varroa destructor into brood cells

2004

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-Chemical stimuli responsible for the biological activity of bee larval food on Varroa destructor were studied both in the laboratory and under natural conditions. Loss of activity after neutralization and air entrainment experiments suggested that active substances were acidic and volatile. Linear, branched and aromatic carboxy-acids, as well as hydroxy-acids, were identified by GC-MS and SPME-GC-MS analysis in organic larval food extracts. The low molecular weight carboxy-acids identified were tested in a laboratory assay using a four-well arena. All the acids tested were inactive with the exception of 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid; comparison with related compounds and dose-response studies confirmed the activity of this acid at 10 and 100 ng per well showing that this is a semiochemical for the mite. One hundred nanograms of 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid applied to worker brood cells before capping increased by 36% the number of mites per cell in the treated brood compared to the control cells. 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid / cell invasion / larval food / semiochemical / Varroa destructor

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Laboratory Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A semiochemical from larval food influences the entrance of Varroa destructor into brood cells

2004

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“…They also raise the Differential infestation of honey bee, worker and queen brood by V. destructorpossibility that mites were arrested disproportionately by extracts of worker larvae because small amounts of royal jelly were present in the queen larvae extract. In contrast, worker and drone, brood food and brood food extracts have been shown to arrest mites in various bioassays (Calderone and Lin, 2001;Nazzi et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential infestation of honey bee, Apis mellifera, worker and queen brood by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor

2002

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-We examined the distribution of Varroa destructor on worker and queen brood in colonies of A. mellifera. With both worker and queen hosts present, the mite prevalence value for worker hosts was 75.0 ± 4.0% (lsmean ± SE), compared to 5.1 ± 4.0% for queen hosts (P < 0.0001). We also examined the response of mites to cuticular extracts of 5th instar worker and queen larvae using arrestment bioassays. In binary-choice tests at 0.5 larval equivalents (Leq), worker extract arrested 84.79 ± 4.98% of the mites, while queen extract arrested 15.21 ± 4.98% (P < 0.0001). At 0.8 Leq, worker extract arrested 89.75 ± 4.98%, while queen extract arrested 10.25 ± 4.98% (P < 0.0001). We also measured the repellent activity of royal jelly extract in a repellent bioassay. Royal jelly extract repelled 78.5 ± 2.6% of mites at 5 mg royal jelly equivalents (Rjeq); 85.6 ± 3.7% at 10 mg Rjeq; and 89.2 ± 3.8% at 20 mg Rjeq. The response at each dose was greater than the 10.5 ± 2.9% mites repelled by solvent controls (P < 0.0001). Our findings suggest that the low incidence of mites in queen brood is due, in part, to the repellent activity of royal jelly, and possibly to intrinsic differences between larval chemistries.Apis mellifera / Varroa jacobsoni / Varroa destructor / parasitic mite / royal jelly

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“…The activity of contact-chemoreceptive compounds has been examined using simple Petri dish or glass plate assays (Kraus 1993(Kraus , 1994Rosenkranz 1993;Zetlmeisl and Rosenkranz 1994;LeDoux et al 2000;Nazzi et al 2001;Calderone and Lin 2001;Aumeier et al 2002;Calderone et al 2002). These studies have established that mites orient to the stage-specific odour differences of live hosts, and that their movement can be arrested by blends of cuticular compounds thereof, or larval food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiochemicals Influencing the Host-finding Behaviour of Varroa Destructor

et al. 2005

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Studies of Varroa destructor orientation to honey bees were undertaken to isolate discrete chemical compounds that elicit host-finding activity. Petri dish bioassays were used to study cues that evoked invasion behaviour into simulated brood cells and a Y-tube olfactometer was used to evaluate varroa orientation to olfactory volatiles. In Petri dish bioassays, mites were highly attracted to live L5 worker larvae and to live and freshly freeze-killed nurse bees. Olfactometer bioassays indicated olfactory orientation to the same type of hosts, however mites were not attracted to the odour produced by live pollen foragers. The odour of forager hexane extracts also interfered with the ability of mites to localize and infest a restrained nurse bee host. Varroa mites oriented to the odour produced by newly emerged bees (<16 h old) when choosing against a clean airstream, however in choices between the odours of newly emerged workers and nurses, mites readily oriented to nurses when newly emerged workers were <3 h old. The odour produced by newly emerged workers 18-20 h of age was equally as attractive to mites as that of nurse bees, suggesting a changing profile of volatiles is produced as newly emerged workers age. Through fractionation and isolation of active components of nurse bee-derived solvent washes, two honey bee Nasonov pheromone components, geraniol and nerolic acid, were shown to confuse mite orientation. We suggest that V. destructor may detect relative concentrations of these compounds in order to discriminate between adult bee hosts, and preferentially parasitize nurse bees over older workers in honey bee colonies. The volatile profile of newly emerged worker bees also may serve as an initial stimulus for mites to disperse before being guided by allomonal cues produced by older workers to locate nurses. Fatty acid esters, previously identified as putative kairomones for varroa, proved to be inactive in both types of bioassays.

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Semiochemicals from larval food affect the locomotory behaviour of Varroa destructor

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

A semiochemical from larval food influences the entrance of Varroa destructor into brood cells

A semiochemical from larval food influences the entrance of Varroa destructor into brood cells

Differential infestation of honey bee, Apis mellifera, worker and queen brood by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor

Semiochemicals Influencing the Host-finding Behaviour of Varroa Destructor

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