Semiochemicals for Thrips and Their Use in Pest Management

Kirk, William D. J.; Kogel, W.J. de; Koschier, Elisabeth H.; Teulon, D.A.J.

doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-022020-081531

Cited by 35 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…In sub-social fungus-feeding thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae, these behaviours include male-male fighting 2 , mate guarding 3 and alternative male mating strategies 4 . In contrast, the family Thripidae has no sub-social species, but it contains most of the pest species that feed on plants, and several form male mating aggregations of tens to hundreds of males, which appear to be mediated by aggregation pheromones 5 . Females typically arrive at the male aggregations, mate and then depart 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating behaviour, mate choice and female resistance in the bean flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti)

Akinyemi

Subramanian

Mfuti

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Many species of thrips (Thysanoptera) in the family Thripidae form mating aggregations, but the adaptive significance of these aggregations and the extent of male and female mate choice is poorly understood. We studied the mating behaviour of the bean flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), which forms male aggregations and occurs across sub-Saharan Africa. We tested whether males choose mates by female age or mating status. No-choice mating bioassays with one male and one female were used to simulate the way males usually encounter only one female at a time in aggregations in the field. Virgin females violently resisted mating attempts by males, but we found no compelling evidence to establish whether this was indiscriminate or was screening suitable males. Younger males (1–2 days old) did not discriminate females by age (1–2 or 7–10 days old), but older males (7–10 days old) avoided mating with older females. Any male choice by female mating status (virgin or mated) was weak or absent. The mating behaviour of M. sjostedti shows broad similarities with that of other thrips species that form aggregations, but also shows some distinct and novel differences, which can help our understanding of the adaptive significance of aggregations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating behaviour, mate choice and female resistance in the bean flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti)

Akinyemi

Subramanian

Mfuti

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Blue and yellow sticky traps are often used to monitor the abundance of thrips and map their spread within a given area (Kirk, 1984; Pearsall, 2000; Broughton & Harrison, 2012; Mao et al, 2018). The addition of p ‐anisaldehyde, ethyl nicotinate, benzaldehyde, ethyl isonicotinate, methyl isonicotinate, and benzaldehyde to these traps can significantly increase their effectiveness in the field (Teulon et al, 1993; Murai, 2000; Imai et al, 2001; Davidson et al, 2009; Kirk et al, 2021), as observed for thrips on a variety of crops, including pepper, nectarine, bean, and strawberry (Niassy et al, 2012; Sampson & Kirk, 2013; Muvea et al, 2014; Teulon et al, 2014). As an effective attractant for thrips, ethyl isonicotinate can be used to verify the repellent effect of other compounds on thrips in a push‐pull system (van Tol et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixture of p‐anisaldehyde and ethyl nicotinate elicits positive antennal and behavioral responses in Frankliniella occidentalis

Tian

Chen

et al. 2022

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a destructive, invasive pest that has spread rapidly throughout China. Traps for the prevention and control of thrips typically use a single attractant, and few studies have evaluated effective compound combinations. In this study, the attractant effects of ethyl nicotinate and p‐anisaldehyde on female F. occidentalis were evaluated. Electroantennography recorded the highest depolarization for the mixture of p‐anisaldehyde and ethyl nicotinate standards at a 1:1 mass ratio, and this depolarization was significantly higher than that of the other compounds investigated. The Y‐tube olfactometer results show that the olfactory responses of female F. occidentalis to ethyl nicotinate, p‐anisaldehyde, and their mixtures (at a 1:1 mass ratio) at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 μg μl−1 were significantly higher than those to liquid paraffin. The strongest response was toward 0.05 g l−1 ethyl nicotinate or p‐anisaldehyde and the 1 g l−1 mixture of p‐anisaldehyde and ethyl nicotinate standards combined at a 1:1 mass ratio, but high concentration caused a weak reaction. Greenhouse experiments revealed that various concentrations of the attractants were successful in trapping thrips. The attractant mixture at a concentration of 1 g l−1 was the most effective at luring thrips. Compared with traps without any attractants, those with attractants trapped at least double the number of F. occidentalis. Our study is the first to comprehensively evaluate female F. occidentalis responses to p‐anisaldehyde and ethyl nicotinate using electrophysiological, Y‐tube olfactometer, and greenhouse trapping analyses. The methods used also proved to be valuable for evaluating the potential of attractants to control F. occidentalis.

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“…In nature, some thripid species are known to form male aggregations, where they also mate with the landing females [39][40][41]. The formation of these aggregations is probably mediated by male-produced aggregation pheromones [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Isolation in the Cryptic Species Complex of a Key Pest: Analysis of Mating and Rejection Behaviour of Onion Thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman)

Király

Ladányi

Fail

2022

Biology

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Thrips tabaci Lindeman is a serious pest of various cultivated plants, with three, distinct lineages within a cryptic species complex. Despite the well-known significance of this pest, many attributes of these lineages are not yet fully understood, including their reproductive behaviour. We performed no-choice-design cross-mating experiments under a controlled laboratory environment with virgin adult individuals from all three lineages. The behaviour of thrips was recorded with a camera mounted on a stereomicroscope, and the recordings were analysed in detail. We found that the so-called leek-associated lineages of this cryptic species complex are reproductively isolated from the tobacco-associated lineage; therefore, they represent different species. Divergence in the behaviour of conspecific and heterospecific pairs became evident only after contact. There were no marked differences between the lineages in their precopulatory and copulatory behaviour, except in the duration of the latter. We confirmed mating between thelytokous females and arrhenotokous males; however, we assume some form of loss of function in the sexual traits of asexual females. The post-mating behaviour of males indicated the presence and role of an anti-aphrodisiac pheromone. We also demonstrated differences between lineages regarding their activity and their propensity for exhibiting an escape response upon interaction with heterospecific thrips.

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Semiochemicals for Thrips and Their Use in Pest Management

Cited by 35 publications

References 110 publications

Mating behaviour, mate choice and female resistance in the bean flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti)

Mating behaviour, mate choice and female resistance in the bean flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti)

A mixture of p‐anisaldehyde and ethyl nicotinate elicits positive antennal and behavioral responses in Frankliniella occidentalis

Reproductive Isolation in the Cryptic Species Complex of a Key Pest: Analysis of Mating and Rejection Behaviour of Onion Thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman)

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