Seminal White Blood Cells in Men with Urethral Tract Infection. A Monoclonal Antibody Study

Barratt, Christopher L.R.; Harrison, Paul E.; Robinson, Angela; Kessopoulou, Efrossini; Cooke, I. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1991.tb15399.x

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The same difficulties become evident with respect to significance and distribution of seminal leucocytes. It is apparently undisputed that seminal leucocytes are a reliable indicator of infections of both male accessory sex glands and ejaculate (Comhaire et al ., 1980; Barratt et al ., 1991; Weidner et al ., 1991). However, the impact of infections and/or leucocytes for ejaculate parameters and male infertility is still under debate (van der Ven et al ., 1987; Wolff et al ., 1990; Diemer et al ., 2000b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of autogenous leucocytes and Escherichia coli on sperm motility parameters in vitro

et al. 2003

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Urogenital infections are considered important factors in male infertility. In this in vitro study we have evaluated the impact of leucocytes in association with an artificial infection with Escherichia coli on the motility of human spermatozoa. Ejaculates and blood samples were obtained from healthy donors with normal semen parameters. Ejaculates were prepared by swim-up technique and five fractions were isolated for incubation. Leucocyte subtypes were separated from blood samples by gradient centrifugation. Purified sperm suspensions were adjusted to a concentration of 20 x 106 ml-1 and incubated with lymphocytes/ monocytes, polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN), and E. coli. Samples were incubated for up to 6 h at 37 degrees C. Motility analysis was performed using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA). Spermatozoa incubated with 3 x 106 PMN ml-1 revealed a significant (P=0.003) decrease in progressive motility after 2 h. This decrease remained weakly significant (P=0.024) after 4 and 6 h. Lymphocytes and monocytes had no effect on sperm motility. Spermatozoa incubated with granulocytes and E. coli demonstrated highly significant alterations in motility after 4 and 6 h of incubation (P < 0.001). The PMN indicate an effect on motility of spermatozoa under experimental conditions. However, the results suggest that bacteria are the primary agents that interfere with sperm motility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of autogenous leucocytes and Escherichia coli on sperm motility parameters in vitro

et al. 2003

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“…Symptomatic bacterial genital tract infections and inflammation are often associated with increased urethral/seminal WBC numbers [62,63]. However, chronic asymptomatic genital viral infections do not generally produce elevated seminal WBC counts [64,65], and as mentioned above, HIV infection appears to deplete CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes in semen [15,66], an effect partially reversed by antiretroviral therapy [15].…”

Section: Putative Cellular Vectors Of Hiv Mucosal Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Trojan Horse leukocytes for HIV prevention

Anderson

Politch²,

Nadolski³

et al. 2010

Aids

122

147

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“…Although HIV RNA levels in blood roughly correlate with levels in seminal plasma (13,39,56,69,72), local genital factors, particularly concomitant sexually transmitted infections (STI), can increase HIV shedding in semen (38,39,61). Common bacterial STI can also increase the number of immune cells in the genital tract (9,52), and elevated counts of white blood cells in semen are associated with higher seminal HIV shedding (3,4,69,80). Since HIV principally infects and replicates in CD4 ϩ T lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages (16,30), an accumulation of these cells in semen is likely to increase the risk of sexual HIV transmission (40,79).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Virologic and Immunologic Dynamics in Blood and in the Male Genital Tract

Gianella

Strain

Rought

et al. 2012

J Virol

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To determine the influence of asymptomatic genital viral infections on the cellular components of semen and blood, we evaluated the associations between the numbers and activation statuses of CD4 ؉ and CD8 ؉ T lymphocytes in both compartments and the seminal levels of cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV). Paired blood and semen samples were collected from 36 HIV-infected antiretroviral-naïve individuals and from 40 HIV-uninfected participants. We performed multiparameter flow cytometry analysis (CD45, CD45RA, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD38) of seminal and blood cellular components and measured HIV RNA and CMV and HSV DNA levels in seminal and blood plasma by real-time PCR. Compared to HIV-uninfected participants, in the seminal compartment HIV-infected participants had higher levels of CMV (P < 0.05), higher numbers of total CD3 ؉ (P < 0.01) and CD8 ؉ subset (P < 0.01) T lymphocytes, and higher CD4 ؉ and CD8 ؉ T lymphocyte activation (RA-CD38 ؉ ) (P < 0.01). Seminal CMV levels positively correlated with absolute numbers of CD4 ؉ and CD8 ؉ T cells in semen (P < 0.05) and with the activation status of CD4 ؉ T cells in semen and in blood (P < 0.01). HIV levels in semen (P < 0.05) and blood (P < 0.01) were positively associated with T-cell activation in blood. Activation of CD8 ؉ T cells in blood remained an independent predictor of HIV levels in semen in multivariate analysis. The virologic milieu in the male genital tract strongly influences the recruitment and activation of immune cells in semen and may also modulate T-cell immune activation in blood. These factors likely influence replication dynamics, sexual transmission risk, and disease outcomes for all three viruses.

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Seminal White Blood Cells in Men with Urethral Tract Infection. A Monoclonal Antibody Study

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of autogenous leucocytes and Escherichia coli on sperm motility parameters in vitro

Influence of autogenous leucocytes and Escherichia coli on sperm motility parameters in vitro

Targeting Trojan Horse leukocytes for HIV prevention

Associations between Virologic and Immunologic Dynamics in Blood and in the Male Genital Tract

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