Semiempirical Model for Homogeneous Nitrogen Condensation in Hypersonic Wind Tunnels

This study involved a numerical investigation of the homogeneous nucleation of CO2 from a CO2–Ar gas mixture in a supersonic nozzle with a throat size of 2.11 mm, a total pressure of 61.15 kPa, and a total temperature of 293.15 K. The flow conditions covered the cryogenic temperature range (∼75 K). Therefore, the surface tension of the clusters was calculated using the Tolman–Tanaka correction, and nucleation growth was evaluated considering both free molecular and continuum regimes. Numerical simulations were conducted for a wide range of CO2 mole fractions (3%–39%). In particular, the effect of the CO2 mole fraction on the condensation-shock position—approximately the Wilson point—was investigated. For 3%, 12%, 24%, and 39%, the condensation shock occurred at 0.048, 0.043, 0.046, and 0.054 m from the throat, respectively. When the mole fraction was low (≤10%), the condensation-shock position moved downstream as the mole fraction decreased. This trend was attributed to a lower nucleation rate. In contrast, when the mole fraction was high (≥10%), the condensation-shock position moved downstream as the mole fraction increased. This was because the CO2 equilibrium pressure rose more rapidly than the CO2 vapor pressure as the mole fraction increases.

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Condensation-Limited Operational Maps of Notre Dame Large Quiet Tunnels

Lax

Leonov

2022

AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum

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Semiempirical Model for Homogeneous Nitrogen Condensation in Hypersonic Wind Tunnels

Cited by 5 publications

References 76 publications

Effects of non-equilibrium condensation on the nozzle performance of a cold gas thruster

Effects of non-equilibrium condensation on the nozzle performance of a cold gas thruster

Numerical investigation of non-equilibrium condensation of carbon dioxide from a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and argon in a supersonic nozzle under cryogenic conditions

Condensation-Limited Operational Maps of Notre Dame Large Quiet Tunnels

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