“…During the implementation 5G technology, it can provide users with a more stable and reliable communication experience and reduce the delay problem in the connection process. Therefore, the smart building industry needs to keep up with the development direction of the times and constantly expand the current development ideas [29]. In terms of the establishment of available reference signals, we should integrate the positioning function into the smart building, set the corresponding information reference signals according to the channel state of the smart building, and synchronize the corresponding information platform to transmit information in the form of wireless signals, and then cooperate with the positioning technology to provide reliable information, quickly find the source of the signal, and propose an effective smart building intelligent management scheme, and reduce the probability of unexpected problems in smart buildings [30].…”
With the continuous optimization of the living environment, people’s requirements for its comfort and cultural taste are also constantly improving, and their understanding and requirements for the appearance and style of the building and the layout of the building space have been further deepened, thus forming a situation of diversification and diversification of the style and form of the architectural appearance and interior design. There are a lot of layout problems in modern engineering and real life, and the indoor space layout is a very important branch. The indoor space layout focuses on the indoor scenes that people rely on for production and life. At the same time, indoor scene models are gradually applied to more and more fields. The urgent need for indoor scene modeling has also led to relevant research on indoor space layout. Because of its wide application prospects and great commercial value, indoor space layout has become an important research topic in the field of computer graphics and computer vision. As the computer-aided design is widely used in the field of intelligent design, indoor space layout has also become an important research field. Focusing on the automatic design and optimization of indoor space layout, this paper proposes an optimization method based on design constraints for the automatic generation of a layout plan based on the given layout boundary or layout space. The room units in the interior space layout are represented by polygons composed of multiple rectangles, and the constraints and rules in the layout design are transformed into constraints on related rectangles. Experimental results show that our scene redirection method is effective. Comparing with the results of uniform scaling further proves the effectiveness of our redirection algorithm.
“…During the implementation 5G technology, it can provide users with a more stable and reliable communication experience and reduce the delay problem in the connection process. Therefore, the smart building industry needs to keep up with the development direction of the times and constantly expand the current development ideas [29]. In terms of the establishment of available reference signals, we should integrate the positioning function into the smart building, set the corresponding information reference signals according to the channel state of the smart building, and synchronize the corresponding information platform to transmit information in the form of wireless signals, and then cooperate with the positioning technology to provide reliable information, quickly find the source of the signal, and propose an effective smart building intelligent management scheme, and reduce the probability of unexpected problems in smart buildings [30].…”
With the continuous optimization of the living environment, people’s requirements for its comfort and cultural taste are also constantly improving, and their understanding and requirements for the appearance and style of the building and the layout of the building space have been further deepened, thus forming a situation of diversification and diversification of the style and form of the architectural appearance and interior design. There are a lot of layout problems in modern engineering and real life, and the indoor space layout is a very important branch. The indoor space layout focuses on the indoor scenes that people rely on for production and life. At the same time, indoor scene models are gradually applied to more and more fields. The urgent need for indoor scene modeling has also led to relevant research on indoor space layout. Because of its wide application prospects and great commercial value, indoor space layout has become an important research topic in the field of computer graphics and computer vision. As the computer-aided design is widely used in the field of intelligent design, indoor space layout has also become an important research field. Focusing on the automatic design and optimization of indoor space layout, this paper proposes an optimization method based on design constraints for the automatic generation of a layout plan based on the given layout boundary or layout space. The room units in the interior space layout are represented by polygons composed of multiple rectangles, and the constraints and rules in the layout design are transformed into constraints on related rectangles. Experimental results show that our scene redirection method is effective. Comparing with the results of uniform scaling further proves the effectiveness of our redirection algorithm.
“…Akyildiz et al [4] analyzed the current 10 key enabling technologies and studied the challenges and shortcomings of various technologies. According to the type of technology, it can be divided into the following aspects: (1) a wireless software-defined network, (2) network function virtualization, (3) millimeter wave spectrum, (4) massive MIMO, (5) network ultradensification, (6) big data and mobile cloud computing, (7) scalable internet of things, (8) device-to-device connectivity with high mobility, (9) green communications, and (10) new radio access technique.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Charles et al [5] 5G wireless sensor networks is study proposed solutions available to identify and avoid cyber threats Xie et al [6] Network function virtualization is study proposed a WEB-MACRO method to solve the problems of service migration and fluctuation for queues in the networks Juneja and Sharma [7] Millimeter wave spectrum is study presented propagation-related issues of mmW frequencies and modelingrelated issues in CMOS technology Wen et al [8] Massive MIMO is study developed refined channel estimation routines and localization methods to perform massive MIMO localization Sharma and Kumar [9] Network ultradensification is study provided a detailed survey of resource allocation approaches for UDNs in 5G and beyond networks operational performance, financial performance, environmental impact, and social influence. en, the Bayesian bestworst method (BBWM) is applied to determine the weights of criteria.…”
In recent years, 5G technology has rapidly developed, which is widely used in medical, transportation, energy, and other fields. As the core equipment of the 5G network, 5G base stations provide wireless coverage and realize wireless signal transmission between wired communication networks and wireless terminals. However, as the scale of 5G base stations gradually increases, problems such as poor user experience and insufficient coverage area frequently occur. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the comprehensive performance of 5G base stations, so as to clarify the problems existing in the construction of base stations. First, the performance evaluation index system is constructed from the perspectives of operational performance, financial performance, environmental impact, and social influence. Then, a novel hybrid multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) model based on the Bayesian best-worst method (BBWM) and difference-quotient gray relational analysis (DQ-GRA) technique is adopted. Finally, sixteen 5G base stations are taken as examples for analysis. The result shows that the signal coverage area and per capita input cost are the most important indicators greatly affecting the overall performance of the 5G base station. Compared with the two other MCDM models, the proposed hybrid MCDM model has good applicability and effectiveness for performance evaluation of 5G base stations.
“…According to the International Mobile Telecommunications 2020 (IMT2020), mmW frequency bands between 24 and 71 GHz with a spectrum bandwidth of 17.25 GHz are allocated to implement 5G. mmWave frequencies are attenuated during propagation due to atmospheric gases, water vapors, rainfall, trees, building materials, and structures [4] . This attenuation has resulted in smaller wavelengths and caused material absorption and diffraction at these frequencies.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite the disadvantage of a narrow impedance bandwidth, microstrip patch antennas have numerous advantages, including low profile, small dimensions, lightweight, easy conformability, easy portability, planar structures, and ease of manufacture using printed circuit technology [6] . Figure 1 Attenuation of mmWave frequencies due to atmospheric conditions [4] . …”
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