Semiconductor Gamma-Cameras in Nuclear Medicine

Kaufman, Léon; Ewins, J.H.; Rowan, W. L.; Hosier, K.; Okerlund, Michael D.; Ortendahl, Douglas A.

doi:10.1109/tns.1980.4330979

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Contrast agents for NMR, such as manganese ion, need to be present in concentrations of many parts per million to produce significant changes in the In fact, spatial resolution in nuclear medicine can be made competitive with that of other modalities by application of semiconductor technology to the "front end". Using a high purity germanium camera with 512 2 x 2-mm elements, [19,20] we have demonstrated, for a wide range of radioisotopes, spatial resolution of 4-6mm FWHM at 10cm depth, without degradation due to scatter. This has to be compared to typical FWHM of 15mm for T1-201 and for Ga-67 and 10mm for Tc-99m.…”

Section: Spatial Resolution In Nuclear Medicine_mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Technology Needs in Medical Imaging

Kaufman

Shosa

Crooks

et al. 1982

IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging

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Advances in technology make it possible to extend the range of physical and chemical tissue parameters used for formation of images. This in turn adds to the capabilities to diagnose disease and assess its extent. Quantitative improvements in instrumentation augment the fidelity with which the imaging is performed, and at a certain point provide a quantum jump in diagnostic capability. We discuss recent technological advances in digital radiography, NMR and nuclear medicine imaging that demonstrate these effects.

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Section: Spatial Resolution In Nuclear Medicine_mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A device such as the germanium camera [19,20] does not introduce distortions, and consequently texture is zero. The elimination of texture in any imaging modality is an important aim, since it permits that modality to operate closer to its statistics-limited levels.…”

Section: L013lul33iimentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology Needs in Medical Imaging

Kaufman

Shosa

Crooks

et al. 1982

IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging

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“…If the electrons and holes have different drift velocity, the 3td coordinate can be determined by measuring the pulse shape. Although subnanosecond timing has been achieved for germanium detectors (7,28), the detection efficiency and timing resolution of scintillators such as BaF 2 is significantly better, and we will restrict our considerations below to scintillation detectors.…”

Section: A High-resolution Detector Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting distribution has a central spike that preserves some of the high spatial frequency information and permits the deconvolution of the range broadening effects; but with some noise amplification (29). /') 7 2) Because the positron and electron are not at rest in the laboratory frame when they annihilate, they are not emitted at exactly 180° and have a Gaussian distribution with 0.5° fwhm (30). Unfortunately, such distributions are difficult to deconvolve because of the loss of information at the higher spatial frequencies.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Improvements in Instrumentation for PET

Derenzo

1987

Physics and Engineering of Medical Imaging

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This paper discusses the potential for improved detectors in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and explores the ultimate limits that might be achieved in the areas of spatial resolution, sensitivity, and maximum imaging rates. It is shown that if an ultra-fast, high· efficiency scintillator and a thin, low-noise, positionsensitive photodetector were available, a multi-layer time-of-flight tomograph would be possible with a 10 em axial field of view, a 3-dimensional spatial resolution of 2 mm fwhm,.and >700,000 prompt unscattered coincidences per sec for 1 JLCi per cm 3 in a 20 em diam cylinder of water.

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“…Charge signal is induced on the electrodes of the detector by the moving charge carriers. It is due to the direct conversion from the energy deposition by gamma-ray interaction to electric signal that semiconductor detector can easily achieve high energy resolution and spatial resolution [3]. In practice, CdZnTe materials exhibit varying degrees of charge carrier trapping, which in fact is the dominant problem that has limited their energy resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Development of CdZnTe Unipolar Detectors for Different Anode Geometries and Data Corrections

Zhang

et al. 2013

Sensors

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CdZnTe detectors have been under development for the past two decades, providing good stopping power for gamma rays, lightweight camera heads and improved energy resolution. However, the performance of this type of detector is limited primarily by incomplete charge collection problems resulting from charge carriers trapping. This paper is a review of the progress in the development of CdZnTe unipolar detectors with some data correction techniques for improving performance of the detectors. We will first briefly review the relevant theories. Thereafter, two aspects of the techniques for overcoming the hole trapping issue are summarized, including irradiation direction configuration and pulse shape correction methods. CdZnTe detectors of different geometries are discussed in detail, covering the principal of the electrode geometry design, the design and performance characteristics, some detector prototypes development and special correction techniques to improve the energy resolution. Finally, the state of art development of 3-D position sensing and Compton imaging technique are also discussed. Spectroscopic performance of CdZnTe semiconductor detector will be greatly improved even to approach the statistical limit on energy resolution with the combination of some of these techniques.

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Semiconductor Gamma-Cameras in Nuclear Medicine

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Technology Needs in Medical Imaging

Technology Needs in Medical Imaging

Potential Improvements in Instrumentation for PET

Progress in the Development of CdZnTe Unipolar Detectors for Different Anode Geometries and Data Corrections

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