Semiautomated georadar data acquisition in three dimensions

Lehmann, Frank; Green, Alan G.

doi:10.1190/1.1444581

Cited by 95 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Another critical concern in acquiring georadar data is accurate positioning. High-resolution investigations with measurement spacings of a few tens of centimeters require the use of automatic positioning systems (Lehmann and Green, 1999;Streich and others 2006). Techniques adopted from seismic reflection data processing can be used to obtain detailed subsurface images from the recorded georadar data.…”

Section: Georadar Surveyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical imaging of alpine rock glaciers

Maurer¹,

2007

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ABSTRACT. Slope instabilities caused by the disappearance of ice within alpine rock glaciers are an issue of increasing concern. Design of suitable counter-measures requires detailed knowledge of the internal structures of rock glaciers, which can be obtained using geophysical methods. We examine benefits and limitations of diffusive electromagnetics, geoelectrics, seismics and ground-penetrating radar (georadar) for determining the depth and lateral variability of the active layer, the distributions of ice and water, the occurrence of shear horizons and the bedrock topography. In particular, we highlight new developments in data acquisition and data analysis that allow 2-D or even 3-D structures within rock glaciers to be imaged. After describing peculiarities associated with acquiring appropriate geophysical datasets across rock glaciers and emphasizing the importance of state-of-the-art tomographic inversion algorithms, we demonstrate the applicability of 2-D imaging techniques using two case studies of rock glaciers in the eastern Swiss Alps. We present joint interpretations of geoelectric, seismic and georadar data, appropriately constrained by information extracted from boreholes. A key conclusion of our study is that the different geophysical images are largely complementary, with each image resolving a different suite of subsurface features. Based on our results, we propose a general template for the cost-effective and reliable geophysical characterization of mountain permafrost.

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Section: Georadar Surveyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical imaging of alpine rock glaciers

Maurer¹,

2007

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“…A complete combination of geophysical methods with surveying instruments has never been done before (Lehmann and Green, 1999), but this has the potential to enhance data quality and reduce field time in archaeology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision real‐time positioning for fast geophysical prospection

Leckebusch

2005

Archaeological Prospection

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In this short report high-precision surveyinginstruments such as an RTK-GPS and a tracking total station are integrated with a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system on a motorized sensor platform. This enables real-time navigation and provides accurate three-dimensional coordinates in the national grid system foreach geophysicalmeasurement.The correlation between the different data sets is ensured bya unique ID that is attached to each coordinate. As a result of this surveysbecome much faster and are of higher quality. Experience from a number of GPR surveys will be described, showing the high positional accuracy that can be obtained

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“…The computergenerated images can be evaluated by the image-analyzer method. Georadar is also suitable for the analysis of subsoil or soil water distribution (Lehman & Green 1999, Hanafy & Hagrey 2006 at the level of entire forest stands. Radar application is more difficult in electrically highly conductive soils containing clay, which limits the resolution and detection depth, and in stony or gravel soils, where many false reflections interfere with those from roots (Hruška 2008).…”

Section: Pulsing Acoustic Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Open field-applicable instrumental methods for structural and functional assessment of whole trees and stands

Čermák¹,

Nadezhdina²,

Trcala³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry Introduction 1Proper management of forest ecosystems from a biological perspective is dependent on classification of the natural environment for the purposes of phytotechnology (e.g., thinning operations) and forestry management. Functional management goals may include timber production as well as other important functions of forests in the landscape, such as water sources for people, but also for control of climate, maintenance of biological diversity, recreation, etc. for which importance often increases with time. Such functions have been working automatically in the past, but serious environmental impacts on forests associated with anthropogenic activities (e.g., air pollution, soil acidification) and global climatic change became apparent at the end of the 20 th century.Therefore long-term experience of foresters should be supplemented with additional objective information, which may be used to help solve new problems. This includes application of modern electronics, computers and other technologies, as well as collection of necessary data in the field especially pertaining to ecophysiology. This review provides only a brief description of methods suitable for studies at the whole tree and stand levels (and even higher levels). The methods are applicable under open forest conditions using mobile instrumentation approaches that can be used almost everywhere. They were tested in more than 60 sites and in over 50 woody species in Europe, USA and Australia. We focused on measurement and evaluation of macrostructure and water flow, because the maximum energy flow in ecosystems goes through water and water is the most frequent natural limiting factor of tree growth and functional states of whole trees and stands (if not considering polar regions and tops of high mountains). Ecologically oriented scientific fields and practically oriented field activities in forestry, arboristics, horticulture, hydrology, remote sensing and forensic engineering use many traditional and modern methods.Annual and seasonal stem growth are probably the most frequently studied processes in forestry. Usually institutions for forest management (IFM) base their practices on this valuable data on a large scale (e.g., national), which provide crucial information about timber production and yield. A great body of literature is available on this topic. However, strategy for the management of forest ecosystems in Europe elaborated over several centuries is focused on classification of the natural environment and determining potential natural vegetation and oriented not only toward production but also on preserving other important functions of forests in the landscape. A detailed version of this approach was successfully applied for over 80 years. The eventual impact of anthropogenic activities and global climatic changes led to development of ecophysiological methods applied to evaluate the functional state and development of forest ecosystems.These methods were usually overlooked in the past because prev...

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Semiautomated georadar data acquisition in three dimensions

Cited by 95 publications

References 17 publications

Geophysical imaging of alpine rock glaciers

Geophysical imaging of alpine rock glaciers

Precision real‐time positioning for fast geophysical prospection

Open field-applicable instrumental methods for structural and functional assessment of whole trees and stands

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