Semi-transparent photovoltaics using ultra-thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layers prepared by single-stage co-evaporation

Shin, Min Jeong; Jo, Janghyun; Cho, Ara; Gwak, Jihye; Yun, Jae Ho; Kim, Kihwan; Ahn, Seung Kyu; Park, Joo Hyung; Yoo, Jinsu; Jeong, Inyoung; Choi, Bo-Hun; Cho, Jun-Sik

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.003

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[ 2,3 ] Among the various PV applications, flexible semi‐transparent ultra‐thin (F‐STUT) Cu(In 1− x ,Ga x )Se 2 (CIGSe) solar cells have boundless potential owing to their flexibility, customizability, and adaptability, which simultaneously allow daylighting and power generation. F‐STUT CIGSe solar cells should employ transparent conducting oxide (TCO) back‐contacts (BCs) instead of conventional Mo BCs for transparent applications [ 4–7 ] as well as bifacial PVs, [ 8 ] and their flexibility should be applicable to both flat and round surfaces. Considering the cost of CIGSe solar cells, researchers have attempted to reduce the absorber thickness (≤1 µm) and processing time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and Semi‐Transparent Ultra‐Thin CIGSe Solar Cells Prepared on Ultra‐Thin Glass Substrate: A Key to Flexible Bifacial Photovoltaic Applications

Kim

Shin

Lee

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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For applications to semi‐transparent and/or bifacial solar cells in building‐integrated photovoltaics and building‐applied photovoltaics, studies are underway to reduce the processing cost and time by decreasing the thickness of Cu(In1−x,Gax)Se2 (CIGSe) absorber to the ultra‐thin scale (≤500 nm). To dynamically and affordably meet the growing demand for electric power, daylighting, and architectural aesthetics of buildings in urban area, flexible semi‐transparent ultra‐thin (F‐STUT) CIGSe solar cells are proposed on flexible ultra‐thin glass (UTG) and compared with rigid semi‐transparent ultra‐thin (STUT) CIGSe solar cells fabricated on soda‐lime glass (SLG). At all the tested deposition temperatures of CIGSe, the F‐STUT CIGSe solar cells exhibit superior performance compared to the rigid STUT CIGSe solar cells. Furthermore, through realistic measurement under ≈1.3‐sun illumination, maximum bifacial power conversion efficiency of 11.90% and 13.23% are obtained for SLG and UTG, respectively. The major advantages of using UTG instead of SLG are not only the intrinsic characteristics of UTG, such as flexibility and high transmittance, but also collateral benefits such as the larger CIGSe grain size at the deposition temperature, better CIGSe crystalline quality, more precise controllability of the alkali element, and reduced thickness of the interfacial GaOx layer, which enhance the photovoltaic parameters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and Semi‐Transparent Ultra‐Thin CIGSe Solar Cells Prepared on Ultra‐Thin Glass Substrate: A Key to Flexible Bifacial Photovoltaic Applications

Kim

Shin

Lee

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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“…In addition, Ag has also been described to aid in reducing planar defects, Cu vacancies, Cu Zn antisite defects, and reducing nonradiative bulk recombination. [ 29–35 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution‐Processed Semitransparent CZTS Thin‐Film Solar Cells via Cation Substitution and Rapid Thermal Annealing

Leow

Tan

et al. 2021

Solar RRL

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Semitransparent solar cells are able to capitalize on land scarcity in urban environments by co‐opting windows and glass structures as power generators, thereby expanding the capacity of photovoltaics to meet energy needs. To be successful, devices must be efficient, possess good visual transparency, long‐term stability, and low cost. Copper zinc tin sulfide is a promising thin‐film material that consists of earth‐abundant elements. For optical transparency, the usual molybdenum back contact is replaced with a transparent conducting oxide (TCO). However, due to subsequent high‐temperature annealing, the TCO degrades, losing conductivity, or forms a poor interface with CZTS. Lower temperatures mitigate this issue but hinder grain growth in CZTS films. Herein, cadmium substitution and silver and sodium doping are used to aid grain growth and improve film quality at lower annealing temperatures. Thin molybdenum is sputtered on TCO to help improve the interface transition postannealing by conversion to MoS2. Rapid thermal processing is used to minimize high‐temperature exposure time to preserve the TCO. With these methods, a semitransparent device with a front illumination efficiency of 2.96% is demonstrated.

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“…Research on ways to improve grain morphology at this thickness range is still at the early stage; options include using alternate transparent substrates (e.g. FTO), higher deposition temperature keeping the stoichiometry the same (and without creating additional vacancy 12 ) and adopting other physical deposition methods such as sputtering. In this section, we predict the output parameters J sc , V oc , R sh and R s for various scenarios of bulk and interface recombinations applied to varying CIGS thickness and gallium mole fraction.…”

Section: Practical Limits To Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a A CIGS = 1 cm 2 CIGS cell, this gives A sh = 10 −6 cm 2 , typically found in CIGS solar cells 43 . The small effective shunt area can be justified with very localized, mi- 3,11,12,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] (reference order: thickness low to high) and model fit with Eq. 18.…”

Section: B Limits To Open-circuit Voltagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…So it is natural to inquire how it will perform as STPV. In the recent past, fabrication of CIGS based non-wavelength selective STPV 3,[11][12][13] and tandem structures with perovskite [14][15][16] have been reported. There have been few theoretical studies on STPV focusing on detailed balance limit of efficiency for STPV in general 17 , figure of merit of performance 18,19 and color appearance of STPV 20,21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carrier transport and performance limit of semi-transparent photovoltaics: CuIn$_{1-x}$Ga$_x$Se$_2$ as a case study

Maria,

Saha,

Khan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Semi-transparent photovoltaics using ultra-thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layers prepared by single-stage co-evaporation

Cited by 37 publications

References 28 publications

Flexible and Semi‐Transparent Ultra‐Thin CIGSe Solar Cells Prepared on Ultra‐Thin Glass Substrate: A Key to Flexible Bifacial Photovoltaic Applications

Flexible and Semi‐Transparent Ultra‐Thin CIGSe Solar Cells Prepared on Ultra‐Thin Glass Substrate: A Key to Flexible Bifacial Photovoltaic Applications

Solution‐Processed Semitransparent CZTS Thin‐Film Solar Cells via Cation Substitution and Rapid Thermal Annealing

Carrier transport and performance limit of semi-transparent photovoltaics: CuIn$_{1-x}$Ga$_x$Se$_2$ as a case study

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