Semi-Smelting Reduction and Magnetic Separation for the Recovery of Iron and Alumina Slag from Iron Rich Bauxite

Gao, Qiuzhi; Zhao, Jie; Li, Mingyang; Qi, Yuan-hong

doi:10.3390/min9040223

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Zhang et al [144] reported a semi-smelting reduction on an iron rich bauxite ore and magnetic separation process for the recovery of iron and alumina slag under a lower basicity condition. The composition of iron rich bauxite from western Guangxi, China is given in Table 6.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Mud as a Secondary Resource of Low-Grade Iron: A Global Perspective

et al. 2022

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Managing red mud (RM), a solid waste byproduct of the alumina recovery process, is a serious ecological and environmental issue. With ~150 million tons/year of RM being generated globally, nearly 4.6 billion tons of RM are presently stored in vast waste reserves. RM can be a valuable resource of metals, minor elements, and rare earth elements. The suitability of RM as a low-grade iron resource was assessed in this study. The utilization of RM as a material resource in several commercial, industrial operations was briefly reviewed. Key features of iron recovery techniques, such as magnetic separation, carbothermal reduction, smelting reduction, acid leaching, and hydrothermal techniques were presented. RMs from different parts of the globe including India, China, Greece, Italy, France, and Russia were examined for their iron recovery potential. Data on RM composition, iron recovery, techniques, and yields was presented. The composition range of RMs examined were: Fe2O3: 28.3–63.2 wt.%; Al2O3: 6.9–26.53 wt.%; SiO2: 2.3–22.0 wt.%; Na2O: 0.27–13.44 wt.%; CaO: 0.26–23.8 wt.%; Al2O3/SiO2: 0.3–4.6. Even with a high alumina content and high Al2O3/SiO2 ratios, it was possible to recover iron in all cases, showing the significant potential of RM as a secondary resource of low-grade iron.

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Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Mud as a Secondary Resource of Low-Grade Iron: A Global Perspective

et al. 2022

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“…28,29 The addition of reducing agents during the thermal conversion process to induce the conversion of goethite and Al-goethite to magnetite has also been widely reported, with the conversion temperature varying depending on the type of reducing agents. [30][31][32] Processing goethite-rich iron ores using reduction roasting followed by lowintensity magnetic separation can obtain an iron concentrate with a total iron grade of $66.6% and iron recovery of $90.4% at 800 C for 30 min using 10% coal. 33 According to the literature, 34 a good temperature for converting goethite to magnetite through reduction roasting was found to be between 650 C and 700 C in 50%/50% CO/CO 2 mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature thermal conversion of Al-substituted goethite in gibbsitic bauxite for maximum alumina extraction

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2022

RSC Adv.

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“…Preliminary experiments [16] were first conducted in a bigger scale (>0.4 kg bauxite), offering the basis for the present approach that seeks to investigate more the effect of process parameters in the final products. Earlier works mainly focused on the carbothermic smelting reduction or semi-smelting reduction of iron-rich bauxites [9,25] and usual parameters are the reduction temperature, carbon to iron ratio, and slag basicity. The gas reduction of bauxite has been poorly reported, and its consideration could offer significant advantages in the overall process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Calcium Aluminate Slags and Pig Irons Produced from the Smelting-Reduction of Diasporic Bauxite

2021

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This work evaluates the characteristics of calcium aluminate slag and pig iron samples obtained from the smelting of calcined and reduced diasporic bauxite ore. The study is conducted in the Pedersen process framework, which is a method to produce alumina from low-grade resources. Parameters such as the effect of crucible type, lime addition, and atmospheric conditions are studied considering the characteristics of the product pig irons and calcium aluminate slags for further uses. The behavior of the bauxite and distribution of the species between slag and metal was assessed based on the applied analytical techniques and thermodynamic calculations. Iron was reduced and separated from the slags in the presence of carbon (graphite crucible) for both the reduced and calcined bauxite. Si and Ti were mainly concentrated in the slags. Iron was separated from the slag in the absence of carbon (alumina crucible) for the H2-reduced bauxite. The results show that slags with increased lime additions are composed mainly of 5CaO.Al2O3 and CaO.Al2O3, that are considered highly leachable compounds. An optimum CaO/Al2O3 mass ratio of 1.12 was suggested. The presence of O2 and/or OH- in the furnace atmosphere will result in the formation of 12CaO.7Al2O3.

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Semi-Smelting Reduction and Magnetic Separation for the Recovery of Iron and Alumina Slag from Iron Rich Bauxite

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Red Mud as a Secondary Resource of Low-Grade Iron: A Global Perspective

Red Mud as a Secondary Resource of Low-Grade Iron: A Global Perspective

Low-temperature thermal conversion of Al-substituted goethite in gibbsitic bauxite for maximum alumina extraction

Evaluation of Calcium Aluminate Slags and Pig Irons Produced from the Smelting-Reduction of Diasporic Bauxite

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