Semi-quantitative and qualitative XRF analyses of alternative and renewable second-generation solid biofuels: Model development and validation

Sajdak, Marcin; Micek, B.; Hrabak, Joanna

doi:10.1016/j.joei.2019.01.012

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In most cases, the initial cost of these instruments for biomass CHP plants is quite high. Currently, the most promising methods to determine the chemical composition of solid biofuels are XRF 141, 173, 175, 176, 178–183 and LIBS 177, 204–210. Various devices have already been evaluated in recent studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…X-ray fluorescence analysis is increasingly used for the analysis of the elemental composition of biomass or related fields [162][163][164] and rapid determination of elements in these sectors [79,136,157,[165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176]. X-ray methods are also useful for analysing the elemental composition in solid biofuels [140,151,177] and as a rapid measurement technique for such fuels [141,173,175,176,[178][179][180][181][182][183]. One study reported a method for the analysis of fuel parameters (M, A and Q) based on qDXA-XRF linking [184].…”

Section: X-ray Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Methods for the Rapid Determination of Solid Biofuel Quality

Endriss

Kuptz

Hartmann

et al. 2023

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Fuel properties of solid biofuels are essential aspects for the energy‐efficient and low‐emission operation of biomass heat and power plants. Hence, fuel quality parameters are often defined and used for pricing in supply contracts. To simplify and accelerate analytical approaches, rapid analysis devices are required to determine fuel properties such as water‐ and ash content, calorific value, and chemical composition on‐site. This article gives an overview about available technologies and, if applicable, their current state of use as rapid analysis devices for solid biofuels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: X-ray Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Methods for the Rapid Determination of Solid Biofuel Quality

Endriss

Kuptz

Hartmann

et al. 2023

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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“…61,62 Overall, few studies already investigate the possibility of measuring selected chemical elements with XRF devices in the larger field of solid biofuels with promising results. 63 Furthermore, analytical methods based on X-ray excitation can also do a structural and composition analysis of biomass, solid fuels, and related fields. 31,64−69 Several studies have dealt with the specific calibration of different XRF analysers.…”

Section: Introduction and State Of The Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Optimization of an X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer for Rapid Analysis of Chemical Elements in Solid Biofuels

Endriss,

Kuptz,

Wissmann

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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To optimize wood-fired heat (and power) plants, it is essential to rapidly determine the chemical composition of solid biofuels on-site shortly before combustion. However, the standard procedures for chemical analysis [inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry] are time-consuming, expensive and require highly trained personnel. Thus, they are unsuitable for online fuel analysis. Newly developed, rapid, on-site analysis methods might enhance analysis at the plant. Thereby, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is one of the most promising methods. So far, XRF has been evaluated in various fields like geology, coal, ash analysis, as well as biomass in general, but this method is still insufficiently investigated for the sector of solid biofuels. The aim of this work is to evaluate and optimize an XRF analyzer for the rapid determination of chemical elements in wood fuels. The XRF analyzer was calibrated using several wood chip samples. Measurements before and after calibration were compared with the reference method (ICP-OES). Results show that XRF can be recommended for analyzing the elements Mg, P, K, Ca, Si, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn and Pb, while S, Cl, Ti and Ni can potentially be determined with element-specific calibrations. Cu, As, and Cd could not be measured satisfactorily, as many measurements were below the limit of detection. Still, XRF might be used for threshold value monitoring (e.g., in the scope of the German Waste Wood Ordinance).

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“…J. Brocchieri et al 4 applied PLS into the estimation of Ag coating thickness based on XRF. Sajdak et al 5 applied PLS in qualitative XRF analysis and evaluated the content of biodegradable components in biofuels. These two methods are easy to be implemented, but they are not expert in handling with the complex nonlinear relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal content prediction based on Random Forest and Sparrow Search Algorithm

Xue

Liu

et al. 2022

Journal of Chemometrics

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X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is exceedingly suitable for detecting heavy metal contents in soil. In order to do that, an accurate prediction model based on XRF analysis is necessary. But in practice, the XRF spectral data is susceptible to moisture content in soil, which may lead to inaccurate prediction results. Accordingly, a new prediction model based on Random Forest Regression (RFR) and improved Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) was proposed, which takes the variation of moisture content into consideration. At first, the XRF spectral data were obtained by experiment. Owing to the advantages of training speed and prediction ability, the RFR was employed to predict the heavy metal contents. In order to further improve the performance of RFR, the SSA was selected and improved with theory of good‐point set, which can determine optimum hyper‐parameters of RFR conveniently. It can be found by comparison that the proposed model outperforms other commonly used models.

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Semi-quantitative and qualitative XRF analyses of alternative and renewable second-generation solid biofuels: Model development and validation

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Analytical Methods for the Rapid Determination of Solid Biofuel Quality

Analytical Methods for the Rapid Determination of Solid Biofuel Quality

Evaluation and Optimization of an X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer for Rapid Analysis of Chemical Elements in Solid Biofuels

Heavy metal content prediction based on Random Forest and Sparrow Search Algorithm

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