Semi-natural test methods to evaluate fire safety of wall claddings: Update

Smolka, Miroslav; Anselmi, Eleonora; Crimi, Tony; Madec, Bruce le; Móder, István Ferenc; Park, Kye Won; Rupp, Roman; Yoo, Yong-Ho; Yoshioka, Hideki

doi:10.1051/matecconf/20164601003

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Large-scale testing is often seen as the most representative way of showing the full performance of a building during fire as long as it is well designed and constructed. Numerous large-scale test methods exist in Europe and North America but we are still missing an harmonized test method for Europe [17]. In the work reported by RISE, together with a group of laboratories [18], authors explained how the repeatability and reproducibility of test methods, as well as this harmonisation, can be maintained.…”

Section: Large-scale Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fire spread along the wall exterior surface is not part of the European rating system and remains subjected to national fire protection regulations. Numerous test methods covered by this scenario exist in Europe and North America at national level and they are compared in [17]. The European Commission contracted a consortium led by RISE to develop a harmonised European test for fac¸ades with varied requirements based not only on fire spread, but also on falling parts, burning debris, smouldering fire, smoke and detailing (windows) [21].…”

Section: Large-scale Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Horizontal and Vertical Barriers on Fire Development for Ventilated Façades

Čolić

Pečur

2020

Fire Technol

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Although using various innovative materials for ventilated facade systems positively contribute to the energy efficiency of buildings, the application of such materials can also pose a certain risk of fire propagation through the fac¸ade. In the last decade, medium and large-scale tests, as well as numerical analysis have been performed to assess the impact of fire barriers on fire propagation through ventilated fac¸ades. However, the number of fire barriers and their specific positions can also have an effect on the fire safety of facades, which has not been studied. Consequently, the question arises whether real fire exposure on a fac¸ade can be adequately simulated and analysed in sufficient detail, by using large-scale testing methods. This paper aims to conduct a parametric analysis on a broader range of large-scale samples by using the procedure given in the standard BS 8414-1:2015 + A1:2017. To understand better the impact of the number and position of cavity barriers for different types of insulation materials (stone wool/PIR/phenolic foam) used in modern fac¸ade systems with non-combustible cladding (ACM-A2). Seven tests were carried out in Croatia between October 2017 and April 2018. In the case of combustible insulation, two horizontal barriers were insufficient in preventing fire propagation. Temperatures accumulated above 600°C, reaching 840°C in PIR insulation and 979°C in phenolic foam insulation. For the same sample designed with non-combustible insulation, the maximum temperature measured was 133°C. Facades with combustible insulation passed the test only when four horizontal barriers were used. The existence of vertical barriers had a positive impact on preventing the fire propagation because the insulation on the left side of the chamber, behind the vertical barrier, remained undamaged. Vertical barriers on the right side of the chamber delayed the horizontal fire propagation from the main wall to the wing wall depending on the type of insulation. The results from these tests can serve as a basis for future research on the effects of fire barriers on fire propagation.

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Section: Large-scale Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Large-scale Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Horizontal and Vertical Barriers on Fire Development for Ventilated Façades

Čolić

Pečur

2020

Fire Technol

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“…국외에서는 실제 화재 사례에서 지원되는 외벽 화재 확 산 현상의 중요성에 대한 인식이 높아짐에 따라 다수의 국 가가 화재 시험 방법을 개발하거나 개정하였다. 국제표준 방법을 규격화하기 위한 시도에도 불구하고 다양한 시험방 법이 유럽 국가에서 증가하고 있다 (3) . Delcour와 Marquis (4) 은 다양한 외벽 화재 시험을 FDS를 통해 열유속 데이터에 대한 수치를 제안하였다.…”

Section: 연구 동향 및 목적unclassified

Thermal Characteristics of ISO 13785-2 Alternative Ignition Sources

Choi¹,

Chae²,

Choi³

2022

Fire Sci. Eng.

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In this study, the types of ignition sources suggested by the international standard ISO 13785-2 by external wall fire evaluation methods were examined. The suitability of these sources was reviewed through a large-scale test to determine the agreement between main and alternative fire sources. ISO 13785-2 implements external ignition of the flame by a propane burner, which is a standard ignition source, and uses liquid fuel or a wood crib as an alternative ignition source of the propane burner. The thermal characteristics of wood crib among alternative ignition sources were analyzed, and the maximum heat release rate of wood crib is approximately 5.11 MW which is calculated with formula. In the case of a full-scale experiment two repeated experiments were performed to ensure data reliability, and Test 1 was approximately 2.9 MW and Test 2 was approximately 3 MW. The standard temperature of the calibration range is defined as the average temperature of the top three thermocouples (T1~T3) above 800 ℃, and the measurement results showed that Test 1 was 472.4 ℃ and Test 2 was 514.9 ℃. Comparison of the value calculated using the formula derived in previous studies with that of the experimental results, it was concluded that there was a difference between the main and alternative ignition sources in the range of intersections suggested in the international standard.

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“…The assessment is a full‐scale assessment of façades to catch effects of details such as mounting, fixing, air gaps, lengths, singularities and weak points such as windows. In this context, assessment based only on reaction to fire and/or fire resistance provisions is not necessarily enough 1,2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European approach to assess the fire performance of façades

Anderson

Boström

Chiva³

et al. 2020

Fire and Materials

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Several attempts have been made in the past to develop a European harmonized testing and assessment method for façades before the European commission decided to publish a call for tender on the topic. A project consortium from five countries (Sweden, UK, France, Germany and Hungary) applied to the call for tender and was contracted to develop a European approach to assess the fire performance of façades. 24 sub-contractors and 14 stakeholder entities were part of the project. The objective of the European project was to address a request from the Standing Committee of Construction (SCC) to provide EC Member States regulators with a means to regulate the fire performance of façade systems based on a European approach agreed by SCC. The initial stages of this project were focused on establishing a register of the regulatory requirements in all Member States in relation to the fire performance of façade systems, and to identify those Member States who have regulatory requirements for the fire performance façade systems which go beyond the current EN 13501 (reaction to fire and fire resistance) classification systems and to collate the details of these additional requirements. After having confirmed the regulatory needs a testing and classification methodology based on BS 8414 and DIN 4102-20 was developed to address the identified key performance and classification characteristics. This paper is a short overview of results the two-year development work, which Final Report published by the European Commission in 2018.

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Semi-natural test methods to evaluate fire safety of wall claddings: Update

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Influence of Horizontal and Vertical Barriers on Fire Development for Ventilated Façades

Influence of Horizontal and Vertical Barriers on Fire Development for Ventilated Façades

Thermal Characteristics of ISO 13785-2 Alternative Ignition Sources

European approach to assess the fire performance of façades

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