“…First, the calculation requires accurate determination of a large number of different ESP parameters, while some parameters are dynamic, while others are difficult to accurately determine value even with sensors and other special measuring equipment. Secondly, this method require redundant steps to get the result, which are the placement of digital manometer and speed change at the operating state, which can be complicated from unit to unit [51]. Therefore, the ESP flow rate must be estimated using other indirect methods.…”