Semi‐Interpenetrated Hydrogels‐Microfibers Electroactive Assemblies for Release and Real‐Time Monitoring of Drugs

Abstract

Simultaneous drug release and monitoring using a single polymeric platform represents a significant advance in the utilization of biomaterials for therapeutic use. Tracking drug release by real-time electrochemical detection using the same platform is a simple way to guide the dosage of the drug, improve the desired therapeutic effect, and reduce the adverse side effects. The platform developed in this work takes advantage of the flexibility and loading capacity of hydrogels, the mechanical strength of microfibers, and the capacity of conducting polymers to detect the redox properties of drugs. The engineered platform is prepared by assembling two spin-coated layers of poly--glutamic acid hydrogel, loaded with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) microparticles, and separated by a electrospun layer of poly--caprolactone microfibers. Loaded PEDOT microparticles are used as reaction nuclei for the polymerization of poly(hydroxymethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PHMeDOT), that semi-interpenetrate the whole three layered system while forming a dense network of electrical conduction paths. After demonstrating its properties, the platform has been loaded with levofloxacin and its release monitored externally by UV-Vis spectroscopy and in situ by using the PHMeDOT network. In situ real-time electrochemical monitoring of Authors acknowledge MINECO-FEDER (RTI2018-098951-B-I00) and Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2017SGR359). Support for the research of C.A. was received through the prize "ICREA Academia" for excellence in research funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya.

The Advantages of Polymeric Hydrogels in Calcineurin Inhibitor Delivery

“…Polymers have been widely used as biomaterials for the manufacture of medical devices as well as tissue engineering platforms. In particular, hydrogels have aroused great interest in biomedicine, mainly focusing on the development of scaffolds that release therapeutic agents [73][74][75][76]. In this context, hydrogels based on natural polymers have been extensively studied for applications in biomedicine due to their intrinsic characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and similarities to the extracellular matrix [45,[77][78][79].…”