Semi-industrial studies of Tungsten-based catalyst for hydroisomerization/hydrocracking of n-hexane and n-heptane

Abdullah

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

Boron nitride (BN) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) of different loadings were composited with commercial P25 TiO2 (Ti) through the hydrothermal method. The as-prepared nanocomposites were characterized using various techniques: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and transmission and scanning electron microscopies. It was observed that 10% and 0.1% of BN and rGO, respectively, loaded on TiO2 (10BNr0.1GOTi) resulted in the best nanocomposite in terms of phenol degradation under simulated sunlight. A 93.4% degradation of phenol was obtained within 30 min in the presence of H2O2. Finally, to ensure the safe use of BNrGOTi nanoparticles in the aquatic environment, acute zebrafish toxicity (acutoxicity) assays were studied. The 96-h acute toxicity assays using the zebrafish embryo model revealed that the LC50 for the BNrGOTi nanoparticle was 677.8 mg L−1 and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was 150 mg L−1. Therefore, based on the LC50 value and according to the Fish and Wildlife Service Acute Toxicity Rating Scale, BNrGOTi is categorized as a “practically not toxic” photocatalyst for water treatment.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-friendly highly efficient BN/rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite visible-light photocatalyst for phenol mineralization

Abdullah

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

“…In order to estimate the antiknocking properties of the liquid isomerizate the Research Octane Number (RON) was calculated using a simple non-linear method described elsewhere [10,88,89]:…”

Section: Research Octane Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Promotional Effect of Pd Addition on the Catalytic Activity of Composite Pt-Pd/AlSBA-15–β Catalyst for Enhanced n-Heptane Hydroisomerization

et al. 2021

Hierarchical AlSBA-15–zeolite materials were utilized as a supports for preparing hydroisomerization catalysts. Detailed consideration was given to: (i) the effect of the zeolite type introduced into AlSBA-15–zeolite composites (where zeolite is β, mordenite or ZSM-5) as well as (ii) the promotion effect of Pd addition. The composites showed higher activity in isomerization as compared to Pt/AlSBA-15. The enhanced isomerization efficiency were explained by the appropriate metallic and acidic function as well as suitable transport properties. The modification of the hydrogenating function by Pd incorporation increases the hydroisomerization efficiency of Pt-Pd/AlSBA-15–β catalyst. Over bimetallic Pt-Pd/AlSBA-15–β, the high yields of isomers (68 wt%) with respect to 50 wt% for a control catalyst. The most promising Pt-Pd/AlSBA-15–β catalyst allows to improve research octane number from 0 to the 74 value.

“…The former peak is due to the TiÀ O bond, and the latter is assigned to the À OH group. [10] However, the O1s peak at 530.8 eV in BNTi could be for À OH or BÀ OÀ Ti. The survey spectrum of BNTi showed the existence of N1s and B1s beside Ti2p and O1s on the surface of TiO 2 , which revealed that BN was loaded successfully on TiO 2 .…”

Section: Chemistryselectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Optimization of a Highly Stable and Efficient BN/TiO₂ Nanocomposite for Phenol Degradation: A Photocatalytic, Mechanistic and Environmental Impact Study

et al. 2021

Different BN/TiO 2 nanocomposites were prepared hydrothermally, and their ratio was optimized to get the best photocatalytic performance towards phenol degradation. They were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopies coupled with energy dispersive x-ray units, BET surface area, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance. The bandgap energy was reduced from 3.35 to 2.95 eV due to the formation of the BÀ OÀ Ti bond. This allowed the exploitation of the visible light and inhibited the TiO 2 e À /h + recombination, and consequently, the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 was dramatically improved. Almost 90 % mineralization of 20 ppm phenol solution was achieved within 30 min under simulated sunlight. The as-prepared composite showed excellent stability and reusability. Mechanistic analysis indicated that O : À 2 and h + played a crucial role in phenol degradation. The nanocomposite's biocompatibility and environmental impact were evaluated by analyzing its potential toxicity in vivo using the zebrafish embryos. 96-hpf acute toxicity assays, including the mortality rate assay (to obtain the LC50 values) and teratogenic assays (to obtain the No Observed Effect Concentration, NOEC) was conducted. The LC50 value for BN/TiO 2 was 482.5 mg L À 1 , and the NOEC was 100 mg L À 1 . Based on LC50 value and according to the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) acute toxicity rating scale, the photocatalyst is "practically not toxic."