Semi-fragile audio zero-watermarking algorithm for content authentication

Liu, Guangyu; Zhang, Xueying; Ma, Zhaoyang

doi:10.3724/sp.j.1087.2012.00976

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…where a l and g l are the l-th original and watermarked signal. When the SNR value is greater than 20, the watermark bit embedded into audio is inaudible (Liu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Inaudibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If scaling was detected, users could calculate the scale factor, allowing them to reduce the impact of attacks and improve the scheme's robustness. Liu et al (2021) proposed an audio watermarking algorithm for tracing the re-recorded audio sources. In their work, the authors introduced the LMC feature and conducted an analysis of its characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Watermarking Scheme for Audio Data Stored in Third Party Servers

Jia,

et al. 2024

International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics

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To improve the security and privacy of audio data stored in third party servers, a novel watermarking scheme is proposed. Firstly, the authors split the host signal into frames and scramble each frame to get the encrypted signal. Secondly, they generate watermark bits by using the frame number and embed them into each frame of the encrypted signal, which is the data that will be uploaded to the third party servers. For the users, they can download the encrypted data and verify the data is intact or not. If the data is intact, the users decrypt the data to get the audio signal. If the audio signal is attacked in the process of transmission, they can also locate the location of the attacked frame. The experimental results show that the method proposed is effective not only for encrypted signals, but also for the encrypted signals after decryption.

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“…where a l and g l are the l-th original and watermarked signal. When the SNR value is greater than 20, the watermark bit embedded into audio is inaudible (Liu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Inaudibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Watermarking Scheme for Audio Data Stored in Third Party Servers

Jia,

et al. 2024

International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Digital watermarking technology is an important branch of information hiding. The research of audio watermarking has attracted many researchers [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Digital audio watermarking technology can achieve the protection and certification of digital copyright by extracting the information embedded in the audio.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we need to pay more attention to the research of MIDI music watermarking. In [11], an audio watermarking algorithm was proposed for tracing the re-recorded audio source. It uses logarithmic mean of coefficient feature to embed watermark and achieves robustness against re-recording attacks.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Copyright Protection Technology based on MIDI Music Structural Features

Li¹,

Li²,

Gong³

et al. 2023

Journal of Computers

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<p>Due to the extensive use of Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) music in education, entertainment and business, copyright infringements of MIDI music are increasing rapidly. The low robustness of existing MIDI music watermarking is the main problem. Therefore, this paper proposes two novel MIDI music watermarking algorithms to comprehensively protect the copyright of MIDI music. We first propose a dual threshold audio watermarking algorithm based on MIDI note time difference and velocity value. It extracts a main melody audio track of MIDI music through a Ho-Kashyap (H-K) algorithm, generates an adaptive em-bedding double threshold for the main melody audio track, and uses a time fluctuation algorithm to embed the watermark information. We also propose a MIDI music watermarking algorithm in frequency domain using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). It converts the pitch of MIDI music to the fundamental frequency, obtains the Direct Current (DC) component of the fundamental frequency by DCT transform, combines the watermark information and the DC component to obtain the secret pitch, and takes the difference between the secret pitch and the original pitch as the new watermark information. Finally, a general attack experiment was conducted on the two watermarking algorithms to verify the feasibility and security. In this paper, the mean square error method and the normalized correlation coefficient method are selected to evaluate the quality of MIDI music objectively. An absolute information entropy evaluation model is proposed to evaluate MIDI music quality. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can extract effective watermark after MIDI command attacks with a MIDI music cutting rate of more than 88% and tampering rate of less than 5%, which means that the proposed algorithms are robust against attacks.</p> <p> </p>

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Semi-fragile audio zero-watermarking algorithm for content authentication

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

A Novel Watermarking Scheme for Audio Data Stored in Third Party Servers

A Novel Watermarking Scheme for Audio Data Stored in Third Party Servers

Research on Copyright Protection Technology based on MIDI Music Structural Features

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