Semi‐crystalline polypyrrole: Polystyrene sulfonate synthesized through the pores of filter paper

Abstract

Semi‐crystalline polypyrrole:polystyrene sulfonate (PPy:PSS) composites were synthesized successfully after passing through the micro‐pores of filter paper. Filter paper was used as a tunnel to channel the diffusion speed of the initiator and to separate the PSS chains as a function of the occupied pore volume. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) suggested the specific bonding structures of the formed PPy:PSS. The crystallographic structures of the PPy:PSS composites were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction based on various pore sizes of the filter paper used. The crystallinity dependence of the conductivity was evaluated using a standard four‐point probe. A series of PPy:PSS samples with different crystallinity exhibited electrical conductivity ranging from 0.007 S/cm to 0.062 S/cm. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1033–1036, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

Comparative Studies on Two-Electrode Symmetric Supercapacitors Based on Polypyrrole:Poly(4-styrenesulfonate) with Different Molecular Weights of Poly(4-styrenesulfonate)

“…PSS can be simply prepared by free radical polymerization in a water solvent [ 11 , 12 , 15 , 19 , 28 , 29 ]. PSS promotes the head-to-tail formation of the PPy chains and improves the dispersibility of PPy in the solvent [ 11 , 12 , 15 , 19 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. In addition, the sulfonate anions of PSS can graft electrostatically to the cationized PPy chain, enabling graft co-polymerization between PPy and PSS [ 11 , 12 , 15 , 19 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

“…These results indicate that the size of the PPy particles increases with an increased molecular weight of PSS. Larger sizes of PPy particles are believed to enhance inter-particle connectivity, resulting in improved electron transport in supercapacitor devices [ 11 , 12 , 15 , 19 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Taking these facts into consideration, the PPy100 with the highest PSS molecular weight was expected to exhibit the best electrical and electrochemical properties.…”

“…The N + /N ratio of PPy100 was close to 50%, suggesting that the half-oxidized PPy was obtained in the presence of PSS with the molecular weight of 1.0 × 10 6 g/mol [ 6 , 11 , 35 ]. These results can be explained as follows: (1) The larger PPy particles are more densely packed, improving the connectivity between the conductive regions in PPy:PSS [ 11 , 12 , 15 , 19 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]; (2) Due to the increased inter-particle connectivity, more electrons can be delocalized within PPy:PSS structures [ 11 , 12 , 15 , 19 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]; (3) The PSS with a higher molecular weight further suppresses the undesirable α,α’-linkages that disrupt the delocalization of π-electrons inside the PPy chains [ 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 21 ]; (4) Accordingly, the effective delocalization of π-electrons in the PPy structure is due to the increased molecular weight of PSS and enables the improved protonation level of PPy:PSS.…”

“…Therefore, it is necessary to develop a PSS-based CP that can overcome the limitations of PANI:PSS and PEDOT:PSS. Although Polypyrrole:Poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PPy:PSS) has been applied as a cathode material in lithium-sulfur batteries and as a biocompatible electrode, no studies have been reported on the effect of the molecular weight ( M w ) of PSS on the electrical and electrochemical performances of PPy:PSS [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Therefore, it is expected that the limitations of conventional pseudocapacitors, based on either PEDOT:PSS or PANI:PSS, can be overcome by combining the advantages of PPy:PSS and a two-electrode supercapacitor.…”

Synthesis, characterization, conductivity, and gas‐sensing performance of copolymer nanocomposites based on copper alumina and poly(aniline‐co‐pyrrole)

“…[1][2][3][4] Polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) are extensively used conducting polymers as they are easily prepared, have excellent electrical properties and chemical as well as environmental stability. [5][6][7] Contrastingly, the insoluble nature and lack of processability are the demerits of PANI and PPy. [8] The synthesis of polymer nanocomposites and copolymers can be utilized to resolve these paucities.…”