Semi-continuous measurement of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Jinan, China: Temporal variations and source apportionments

Gao, Xiang; Yang, Lingxiao; Cheng, Sainan; Gao, Rui; Zhou, Yang; Xue, Likun; Shou, Youping; Wang, Jing; Wang, Xinfeng; Nie, Wei; Xu, Ping; Wang, Wenxing

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.041

Cited by 149 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The results found in this comparison are in slight disagreement with the results found in previous work carried out using a URG 9000B (AIM) ( Table 2), fitted with the original PM 2.5 cyclone, in Jinan, China (Gao et al 2011). In that case a better correlation was found for K C (R 2 D 0.94), but worse for Mg…”

contrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Some modifications made to the AIM (i.e., reducing the sampling flow rate and changing the denuder liquid) were effective in reducing underestimation and overestimation problems found in measuring these two species (Nie et al 2010). In more recent work, a comparison for all the species measured using the URG 9000B AIM has showed excellent correlation for chloride, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, and potassium (R 2 D 0.84-095 and slope D 0.83-1.08 AIM versus filters) and good correlation for fluoride, sodium, magnesium, and calcium (R 2 D 0.46-0.90 and slope D 0.83-1.08; Gao et al 2011). Only one study was identified that compared the MARGA analyzer and the conventional filter sampling method for PM 10 ion concentrations (Makkonen et al 2012); here a good correlation was found for chloride, nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate (R 2 D 0.77-0.98, slope D 0.72-0.91) and poor for sodium (R 2 D 0.55, slope D 0.45).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Comparison Between a Semi-Continuous Analyzer and Filter-Based Method for Measuring Anion and Cation Concentrations in PM₁₀at an Urban Background Site in London

Beccaceci

McGhee

Brown

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A comparison between the filter-based, laboratory ion chromatography technique and a semi-continuous analyzer (URG 9000B Ambient Ion Monitor [AIM]) was conducted to evaluate the performance of the AIM in measuring the concentrations of the main airborne ionic species in PM 10 . The study was carried out in an urban background area of London (UK) in 2013. The two methods showed an overall good correlation (R 2 > 0.83) for nitrate, sulfate, chloride, ammonium, and magnesium and poor correlation was found for sodium, potassium, and calcium (R 2 < 0.50). The AIM gave consistently higher concentrations for sodium and potassium, possibly due to a positive bias within the sampling unit. During high concentration episodes, both the efficiency of the particle extraction and removal of gases by the denuder may be reduced. A HEPA filter test demonstrated that the denuder was removing gaseous components effectively but that there was some potential for contamination. Overall, the AIM was found to be a good instrument for measuring hourly anion and cation concentrations in PM 10 in urban sites.

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confidence: 56%

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confidence: 99%

A Comparison Between a Semi-Continuous Analyzer and Filter-Based Method for Measuring Anion and Cation Concentrations in PM₁₀at an Urban Background Site in London

Beccaceci

McGhee

Brown

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Compared to other elements, the annual mean concentrations of Si (2.6 µg m −3 ) and Al (1.4 µg m −3 ) were relatively higher during the whole sampling period, which accounted for 2.4 and 1.2 % of PM 2.5 , respectively. In this study, the annual mean concentrations of OC, SO 2− 4 , NO − 3 , and NH + 4 in Shijiazhuang were clearly higher than Beijing , Tianjin , Jinan (Gao et al, 2011), Shanghai (H. L. , Chengdu (Tao et al, 2013b), Xi'an (P. , Hangzhou , and Heze (Liu et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Spatial Variationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effectiveness evaluation of temporary emission control action in 2016 in winter in Shijiazhuang, China

et al. 2018

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Abstract. To evaluate the environmental effectiveness of the control measures for atmospheric pollution in Shijiazhuang, China, a large-scale controlling experiment for emission sources of atmospheric pollutants (i.e. a temporary emission control action, TECA) was designed and implemented during 1 November 2016 to 9 January 2017. Compared to the no-control action and heating period (NCAHP), under unfavourable meteorological conditions, the mean concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , and chemical species (Si, Al, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ) in PM 2.5 during the control action and heating period (CAHP) still decreased by 8, 8, 5, 19, 30.3, 4.5, 47.0, and 45.2 %, respectively, indicating that the control measures for atmospheric pollution were effective. The effects of control measures in suburbs were better than those in urban area, especially for the control effects of particulate matter sources. The control effects for emission sources of carbon monoxide (CO) were not apparent during the TECA period, especially in suburbs, likely due to the increasing usage of domestic coal in suburbs along with the temperature decreasing.The results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis showed that crustal dust, secondary sources, vehicle emissions, coal combustion and industrial emissions were main PM 2.5 sources. Compared to the whole year (WY) and the no-control action and no-heating period (NCANHP), the contribution concentrations and proportions of coal combustion to PM 2.5 increased significantly during other stages of the TECA period. The contribution concentrations and proportions of crustal dust and vehicle emissions to PM 2.5 decreased noticeably during the CAHP compared to other stages of the TECA period. The contribution concentrations and proportions of industrial emissions to PM 2.5 during the CAHP decreased noticeably compared to the NCAHP. The pollutants' emission sources during the CAHP were in effective control, especially for crustal dust and vehicles. However, the necessary coal heating for the cold winter and the unfavourable meteorological conditions had an offset effect on the control measures for emission sources to some degree. The results also illustrated that the discharge of pollutants might still be enormous even under such strict control measures.

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“…The interrelation for the three types of significant correlations at WD, BD and BJ implied that complex sources including local emissions and regional transportation were dominant for atmospheric species in the cities. The species associated with Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ from construction and road dust Liang et al, 2016) as well as the species associated with K + from biomass (municipal solid waste) burning (Gao et al, 2011; J. Yao et al, 2016) in the cities would accumulate under stagnant air conditions at the earth surface; meanwhile the OC and EC concentrations could also increase due to the air parcel transportation with abundant OC and EC in the upper layer from the south-southwest directions (Fig.…”

Section: Correlations Among the Species In Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM<sub>2. 5</sub> in northern China during winter

et al. 2017

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Abstract. A vast area in northern China, especially during wintertime, is currently suffering from severe haze events due to the high levels of atmospheric PM 2.5 . To recognize the reasons for the high levels of PM 2.5 , daily samples of PM 2.5 were simultaneously collected at the four sampling sites of Beijing city (BJ), Baoding city (BD), Wangdu county (WD) and Dongbaituo (DBT) during the winter and spring of [2014][2015] at DBT than at WD, BD and BJ during the winter of 2015 indicated that the pollutants in the rural area were not due to transportation from neighbouring cities but dominated by local emissions. As the distinct source of atmospheric OC and EC in the rural area, the residential coal combustion also made a contribution to secondary inorganic ions through the emissions of their precursors (NO x , SO 2 , NH 3 and HCl) as well as heterogeneous or multiphase reactions on the surface of OC and EC. The average mass proportions of OC, EC, NO − 3 and SO 2− 4 at BD and WD were found to be very close to those at DBT, but were evidently different from those at BJ, implying that the pollutants in the cities of WD and BD, which are fully surrounded by the countryside, were strongly affected by the residential coal combustion. The OC / EC ratios at the four sampling sites were almost the same value (4.8) when the concentrations of PM 2.5 were greater than 150 µg m −3 , suggesting that the residential coal combustion could also make a dominant contribution to atmospheric PM 2.5 at BJ during the severe pollution period when the air parcels were usually from southwest-south regions, where a high density of farmers reside. The evident increase in the number of the species involved in significant correlations (p < 0.05) from the countryside to the cities further confirmed that residential coal combustion was the dominant source of key species in the rural area. However, the complex sources including local emissions and regional transportation were responsible for the atmospheric species in the cities. Strong correlations among OC, EC, Cl − , NO − . Based on the chemical mass closure (CMC) method, the contributions of the primary particle emission from residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM 2.5 at BJ, BD, WD and DBT were estimated to be 32, 49, 43 and 58 %, respectively.

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Semi-continuous measurement of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Jinan, China: Temporal variations and source apportionments

Cited by 149 publications

References 41 publications

A Comparison Between a Semi-Continuous Analyzer and Filter-Based Method for Measuring Anion and Cation Concentrations in PM₁₀at an Urban Background Site in London

A Comparison Between a Semi-Continuous Analyzer and Filter-Based Method for Measuring Anion and Cation Concentrations in PM₁₀at an Urban Background Site in London

Effectiveness evaluation of temporary emission control action in 2016 in winter in Shijiazhuang, China

The contribution of residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM<sub>2. 5</sub> in northern China during winter

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Semi-continuous measurement of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Jinan, China: Temporal variations and source apportionments

Cited by 149 publications

References 41 publications

A Comparison Between a Semi-Continuous Analyzer and Filter-Based Method for Measuring Anion and Cation Concentrations in PM10at an Urban Background Site in London

A Comparison Between a Semi-Continuous Analyzer and Filter-Based Method for Measuring Anion and Cation Concentrations in PM10at an Urban Background Site in London

Effectiveness evaluation of temporary emission control action in 2016 in winter in Shijiazhuang, China

The contribution of residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; in northern China during winter

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A Comparison Between a Semi-Continuous Analyzer and Filter-Based Method for Measuring Anion and Cation Concentrations in PM₁₀at an Urban Background Site in London

A Comparison Between a Semi-Continuous Analyzer and Filter-Based Method for Measuring Anion and Cation Concentrations in PM₁₀at an Urban Background Site in London

The contribution of residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM<sub>2. 5</sub> in northern China during winter