Semi-continuous extraction/purification of lipids by means of supercritical fluids

Andersson, Magnus B. O.; Demirbüker, Mustafa; Blomberg, Lars G.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00083-6

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The diversity of glycolipids recovered in our methanol extraction of oats is remarkable. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and DGDG, with lesser amounts of phospholipids were observed in significant levels in oat kernels and other seeds (Price and Parsons 1976;Youngs et al 1977;Sahasrabudhe 1979;Andersson et al 1997;Morrison 1998;Ohm and Chung 1999;Sugawara and Miyazawa 1999;Moreau et al 2003). It is remarkable that we did not detect MGDG in this study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…Of these, DGDG was the most abundant glycolipid (Price and Parsons 1976;Youngs et al 1977;Sahasrabudhe 1979;Aro et al 2007). Indeed, Andersson et al (1997) reported yields of 6 g/kg of a highly purified DGDG preparation from oat bran by a serial extraction involving supercritical CO 2 and acetone. Among the phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and lyso-forms of these have been identified, with phosphatidylcholine the most abundant (Price and Parsons 1976;Youngs et al 1977;Sahasrabudhe 1979;Aro et al 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Polar Lipids from Oat Kernels

et al. 2010

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Cereal Chem. 87(5):467-474Oat (Avena sativa L.) kernels appear to contain much higher polar lipid concentrations than other plant tissues. We have extracted, identified, and quantified polar lipids from 18 oat genotypes grown in replicated plots in three environments to determine genotypic or environmental variation in these lipids. Validation experiments indicated a solid phase silica gel extraction step elution provided excellent and clean separation of extracted lipids into neutral lipid, glycolipid, and phospholipid fractions. Analysis of phospholipids by HPLC (normal phase, diol column) indicated phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and lyso-forms but very little genotypic or environmental variation. Di, tri and tetragalactosyl-diacylglycerols were quantified in the glycolipids, along with their mono-, di-, and triacyl estolides. Most of these exhibited significant genotypic variation. Molecular species analysis of the glycolipids in the Morton cultivar by direct infusion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the enormous diversity of galactosyl-lipids in oats. Analyses indicated total lipid of ≈8.3% (dry weight basis), of which ≈10% was phospholipid and 11% was glycolipids. These results indicate that oats are a rich source of polar lipids and contain an extremely rich diversity of galactosyl-lipids.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

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confidence: 99%

Polar Lipids from Oat Kernels

et al. 2010

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“…Extrusion) [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Liposome preparation [43] Inclusion complexes (e.g. Cyclodextrin) [44] Product sterilization [45][46][47] Extraction and purification [48,49] Nanostructured materials for biomedical applications and tissue engineering [50][51][52][53] shear that a particle undergoes. Table 5 summarizes these functional variables, which affect the properties of the finished product in almost all SCF processes.…”

Section: Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles in the Pharmaceutical Industry and the Use of Supercritical Fluid Technologies for Nanoparticle Production

Sheth

Sandhu²,

Singhal³

et al. 2012

CDD

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Poor aqueous solubility of drug candidates is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical scientists involved in drug development. Particle size reduction appears as an effective and versatile option for solubility improvement. Nanonization is an attractive solution to improve the bioavailability of the poorly soluble drugs, improved therapies, in vivo imaging, in vitro diagnostics and for the production of biomaterials and active implants. In drug delivery, application of nanotechnology is commonly referred to as Nano Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS). In this article, commercially available nanosized drugs, their dosage forms and proprietors, as well as the methods used for preparation like milling, high pressure homogenization, vacuum deposition, and high temperature evaporation were listed. Unlike the traditional methods used for the particle size reduction, supercritical fluid-processing techniques offer advantages ranging from superior particle size control to clean processing. The primary focus of this review article is the use of supercritical CO2 based technologies for small particle generation. Particles that have the smooth surfaces, small particle size and distribution and free flowing can be obtained with particular SCF techniques. In almost all techniques, the dominating process variables may be thermodynamic and aerodynamic in nature, and the design of the particle collection environment. Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions (RESS), Supercritical Anti Solvent (SAS) and Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions (PGSS) are three groups of processes which lead to the production of fine and monodisperse powders. Few of them may also control crystal polymorphism. Among the aforementioned processes, RESS involves dissolving a drug in a supercritical fluid (SCF) and passing it through an appropriate nozzle. Rapid depressurization of this solution causes an extremely rapid nucleation of the product. This process has been known for a long time but its application is limited. Carbon dioxide, which is the only supercritical fluid that is preferentially used in pharmaceutical processes, is not a good solvent for many Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API). Various researchers have modified the RESS process to overcome its solubilizing limitations, by introducing RESOLV, RESAS, and RESS-SC. Overall, all RESS based processes are difficult to scale up. The SAS processes are based on decreasing the solvent power of a polar organic solvent in which the substrate (API & polymer of interest) is dissolved, by saturating it with carbon dioxide (CO2) at supercritical conditions. CO2 causes precipitation and recrystalization of the drug. SAS is scalable and can be applied to a wide variety of APIs and polymers. Minor modifications of basic SAS process include GAS, ASES, SAS-DEM and SAS-EM. Processes where SCF is used as an anti solvent and dispersing agent include SEDS, SAA, and A-SAIS. The mechanisms and applications of these processes were briefly discussed. In PGSS, CO2 is dissolved in organic solutions or melted compound...

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“…The extraction and purification of lipid compounds, such as triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, tocopherols, carotenoids and sterols using SCCO 2 has been investigated by several authors [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Through these studies, the advantages of using SCF for the extraction of non polar compounds of low molecular weight are well known, as compared to the conventional solvent extraction processes, have become know.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through these studies, the advantages of using SCF for the extraction of non polar compounds of low molecular weight are well known, as compared to the conventional solvent extraction processes, have become know. The main advantages are: the low viscosity and high diffusivity of supercritical fluids; the low process temperature, which assures protection against oxidation of thermolabile compounds; the fact that their solvation properties may be modified by adjusting pressure and temperature; that they may be easily removed from the extracted product by decompression and, in the case of SCCO 2 , that it is considered environmentally safe, not generating chemical residues [5]. Carbon dioxide is the SCF most-used as a solvent for food applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%