Semi-continuous emulsion copolymerization of butyl methacrylate with polymerizable anionic surfactants

Xu, Xiao‐Jun; Chen, Fengxi

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.04.060

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, microemulsions require very high surfactant concentrations, up to 30% w/w, and often a co‐surfactant (usually a medium chain alcohol) to facilitate greater interfacial curvature. Microemulsion polymerization can also be performed at much lower surfactant concentrations, in which case the monomer is added slowly during polymerization, in what is termed semi‐continuous microemulsion polymerization …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microemulsion polymerization can also be performed at much lower surfactant concentrations, in which case the monomer is added slowly during polymerization, in what is termed semicontinuous microemulsion polymerization. 12,13 Within the literature there are many reported cases of encapsulation of molecules within polymer nanoparticles (PNPs). 14,15 The majority of these come from the pharmaceutical sciences, where encapsulation within hollow PNPs (or nanocapsules) is used in the delivery of drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly monodisperse, lanthanide‐containing polystyrene nanoparticles as potential standard reference materials for environmental “nano” fate analysis

Hughes

Budd

Grieve

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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For the safe commercialization of nanoparticle technology, there is a need for reference materials that can be used in studies related to the environmental fate of nanoparticles. This work produced metal-containing polystyrene nanoparticles with target parameters such as high monodispersity, tailorable size range (33-193 nm), and variable surface charge. In addition, the combination of organic and inorganic components made them detectable by all of the main analytical techniques routinely used in nanoparticle characterization, e.g., TEM, DCS, DLS, and ICP-MS (the latter when interfaced to chromatographic instrumentation). The lanthanides Gd, Dy, and Nd were investigated as the inorganic component because of their high response when analyzed by ICP-MS, and because of their low environmental abundance. Particles were prepared by emulsion polymerization using one of two stabilizers: the nonionic surfactant Pluronic F68 or the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate V

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly monodisperse, lanthanide‐containing polystyrene nanoparticles as potential standard reference materials for environmental “nano” fate analysis

Hughes

Budd

Grieve

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, stabilizers of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) were used to make polyhexylmethacrylate NPs with a size range of 38 to 53 nm [ 297 ]. SABS-8 and SABS-10, two polymerizable anionic surfactants, were employed successfully in microemulsion polymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA) at room temperature utilizing the redox initiator ammonium persulfate (APS)/tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) [ 298 ]. Some other work used the cationic surfactant decyltrimethylammonium bromide DeTAB to make polypyrrole NPs with a particle size of 2 nm [ 299 ].…”

Section: Methods For Producing Pnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Various Techniques for the Chemical and Biological Synthesis of Polymeric Nanoparticles

et al. 2022

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Nanoparticles (NPs) have remarkable properties for delivering therapeutic drugs to the body’s targeted cells. NPs have shown to be significantly more efficient as drug delivery carriers than micron-sized particles, which are quickly eliminated by the immune system. Biopolymer-based polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) are colloidal systems composed of either natural or synthetic polymers and can be synthesized by the direct polymerization of monomers (e.g., emulsion polymerization, surfactant-free emulsion polymerization, mini-emulsion polymerization, micro-emulsion polymerization, and microbial polymerization) or by the dispersion of preformed polymers (e.g., nanoprecipitation, emulsification solvent evaporation, emulsification solvent diffusion, and salting-out). The desired characteristics of NPs and their target applications are determining factors in the choice of method used for their production. This review article aims to shed light on the different methods employed for the production of PNPs and to discuss the effect of experimental parameters on the physicochemical properties of PNPs. Thus, this review highlights specific properties of PNPs that can be tailored to be employed as drug carriers, especially in hospitals for point-of-care diagnostics for targeted therapies.

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“…Termination occurs after exhausting of monomer droplets leading to formation of polymer particles. These aforementioned aspects lead to propose the following possible polymerization mechanism [24]. The initial emulsion system consisted mainly of AM/DVS-swollen DBSV-n micelles, some dissolved AM, DVS and DBSV-n in the aqueous phase.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Polymerization Reaction and Polymerization Kinementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyacrylamide Crosslinked Copolymer for Enhanced Oil Recovery and Rock Wettability Alteration

Hoshoudy¹

2015

OGCE

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Recently enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology is getting more attention by many countries since energy crises are getting worse and frightened. To improve oil recovery several techniques had been employed, one of them is wettability alteration by chemical agents flooding. In this research a novel copolymer (Acrylamide-4-Dodecyl-benzenesulfonate-1vinylimidazol-3-ium-Divinyl sulfone) prepared by free radical emulsion polymerization of acrylamide (AM), 4-Dodecylbenzenesulfonate-1-vinylimidazol-3-ium (DBSV) as amphoteric surfmer and divinyl sulfone (DVS) as hydrophobic crosslinker moiety had been prepared and characterized. Chemical structure of the prepared copolymer was proven through different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (1H&13C-NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), while particle size and particle size distribution were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and thermal properties characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Wettability alteration was evaluated by contact angle measurements through static sessile drop method, where the results indicate the novel copolymer ability for altering wettability of sandstone rock from oil-wet to water wet even at harsh reservoir conditions, so enhance oil recovery factor.

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Semi-continuous emulsion copolymerization of butyl methacrylate with polymerizable anionic surfactants

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Highly monodisperse, lanthanide‐containing polystyrene nanoparticles as potential standard reference materials for environmental “nano” fate analysis

Highly monodisperse, lanthanide‐containing polystyrene nanoparticles as potential standard reference materials for environmental “nano” fate analysis

Exploring Various Techniques for the Chemical and Biological Synthesis of Polymeric Nanoparticles

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyacrylamide Crosslinked Copolymer for Enhanced Oil Recovery and Rock Wettability Alteration

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