Semi-automated quantification of the microstructure of PLA/clay nanocomposites to improve the prediction of the elastic modulus

Iturrondobeitia, Maider; Ibarretxe, Julen; Okariz, Ana; Jimbert, Pello; Martinez, Roberto Fernandez; Guraya, Teresa

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.01.015

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As expected, the data show that the density of the measured particles increases as the alumina content increases. On the other hand, the average particle size decreases when more alumina is added, which contradicts previous reports [28] and seems counterintuitive when checking the TEM images. Actually, since the number-average particle size is reported here, and the influence of the smaller particles on that parameter is very significant, even if larger particles and in larger quantities are present as the amount of alumina is increased, the average size will decrease if the number of small particles increases to a larger degree too, which is the case here.…”

Section: Microstructural Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…The standard deviation of the measured sizes is significant, as could be anticipated by the features observed in the TEM images. Automated Image Analysis [28] was used to preprocess and binarize the images, and to compute the selected microstructural descriptors-particle density and average particle size (area)-as shown in Table 2. A total of 3405, 7934 and 17,103 particles were measured for the nanocomposites containing 3 wt.%, 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% alumina, respectively, which resulted in 3 nm 2 or lower standard errors.…”

Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable PHBH–Alumina Nanowire Nanocomposites: Properties and Life Cycle Assessment

et al. 2022

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Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) is a bio-based polyester with the potential to replace some common polymers of fossil origin. However, PHBH presents serious limitations, such as low stiffness, tendency to undergo crystallization over long time periods and low resistance to thermal degradation during processing. In this work, we studied the use of alumina nanowires to generate PHBH–alumina nanocomposites, modifying the properties of PHBH to improve its usability. Solvent casting and melt blending were used to produce the nanocomposites. Then, their physicochemical properties and aquatic toxicity were measured. Finally, LCA was used to evaluate and compare the environmental impacts of several scenarios relevant to the processing and end of life (EoL) conditions of PHBHs. It was observed that, at low concentrations (3 wt.%), the alumina nanowires have a small positive impact on the stiffness and thermal degradation for the samples. However, for higher concentrations, the observed effects differed for each of the applied processing techniques (solvent casting or melt blending). The toxicity measurements showed that PHBH alone and in combination with alumina nanowires (10 wt.%) did not produce any impact on the survival of brine shrimp larvae after 24 and 48 h of exposure. The 18 impact categories evaluated by LCA allowed defining the most environmentally friendly conditions for the processing and EoL of PHBHs, and comparing the PHBH-related impacts to those of some of the most common fossil-based plastics. It was concluded that the preferable processing technique for PHBH is melt blending and that PHBH is unquestionably more environmentally friendly than every other analyzed plastic.

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Section: Microstructural Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable PHBH–Alumina Nanowire Nanocomposites: Properties and Life Cycle Assessment

et al. 2022

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“…These authors observed the changes that nanocomposites presented when modifying extrusion, and injection molding processing parameters [15]. Several studies have been carried out on the preparation of nanocomposites based on PLA with cloisite for application as a water vapor barrier, antimicrobial properties [16], thermal properties [17] and mechanical properties [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposite PLA/C20A Nanoclay by Ultrasound-Assisted Melt Extrusion for Adsorption of Uremic Toxins and Methylene Blue Dye

et al. 2021

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Design of functional materials it is of great importance to address important problems in the areas of health and environment. In the present work, the synthesis and application of poly-meric nanocomposite materials with poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and modified nanoclay (cloisite 20A) with 1,4-diaminobutane dihydrochloride at different reaction times were studied. The concentra-tions of the nanoclays in the PLA matrix were 0.5, 1 and, 5% by weight (wt%). TGA showed that sample C20AM 120 (120 min of treatment) obtained the highest degree of modification considering the weight losses of the analyzed samples. An FT-IR signal at 1443 cm−1 suggests that the organic modifier is intercalated between the galleries of the clay. XRD, SEM and XPS suggest good disper-sion at low concentrations of the nanoclay. Adsorption tests revealed that the highest percentage of removal of uremic toxins and methylene blue was the sample with 5% wt/wt chemically modified nanoclay, suggesting good affinity between the modified nanoclays in the PLA matrix with the nitrogenous compounds.

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“…When nanocomposites based on various polymeric matrixes, substantial increasing of physical and mechanical properties of composites is sufficiently observed as a natural and predicted result with relatively little concentration of clay mineral. Such changes of polymeric composites properties are peculiar to macro-nanostructure transition [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obtaining Technology for Nanocomposites Based on Polyamide-6 and Organomodified Montmorillonite

Sukhyy

Belyanovskaya

Sukhyy

et al. 2018

J. of Chem. and Tech.

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The obtaining technology of nanocomposites based on polyamide-6 and organomodified montmorillonite is developed. The technological parameters of extrusion and injection molding, and their influence on the formation of nanoscale inorganic phase of the polyamide are investigated. Morphology and thermal behavior of polyamide-6, composites based on polyamide-6 and modified montmorillonite are studied by WAXS, XRD, DTA and DSC data. Morphology and thermal behavior of polyamide-6 and composites based on polyamide-6 and modified montmorillonite are shown to be in a strong juxtaposition. New γ-phase formation is revealed in composite polyamide-6 – 1–2 % of modified montmorillonite in contrast with polyamide-6 and mechanical mixtures of polyamide-6 and montmorillonite. Optimal concentrations of modified montmorillonite in the composites stated as 1 – 2 % are shown to correspond with composites improved properties as compared to initial polyamide-6. It is explained by increasing crystallinity degree, which resulted from acting of modified montmorillonite particles as nucleation heterogenetic agents.

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Semi-automated quantification of the microstructure of PLA/clay nanocomposites to improve the prediction of the elastic modulus

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Sustainable PHBH–Alumina Nanowire Nanocomposites: Properties and Life Cycle Assessment

Sustainable PHBH–Alumina Nanowire Nanocomposites: Properties and Life Cycle Assessment

Nanocomposite PLA/C20A Nanoclay by Ultrasound-Assisted Melt Extrusion for Adsorption of Uremic Toxins and Methylene Blue Dye

Obtaining Technology for Nanocomposites Based on Polyamide-6 and Organomodified Montmorillonite

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