“…Furthermore, fundamental researches related to road-friendliness of heavy vehicles are supported by the above governments and their automobile companies (OECD, 1998). Due to the limited performance of traditional passive suspensions, researches on road-friendliness of semi-active suspension systems are being continuously conducted to reduce dynamic tire force generated by heavy vehicles (Yi and Hedrick, 1989;Yan et al, 2007;Kortüm et al, 2002;Guglielmino et al, 2008). For instance, a full heavy vehicle model with a semi-active suspension system was designed using Simpack software in the EU project called 'Copernicus of Semi-Active Damping of Truck Suspensions and Its Influence on Drivers and Road Loads (SADTS)' on vehicle-road interaction to study its road-friendliness (Valášek et al, 1998).…”