Semen analysis in laboratory practice: An overview of routine tests

Andrade-Rocha, Fernando Tadeu

doi:10.1002/jcla.10105

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…During the process of ejaculation, spermatozoa pass through the ejaculatory ducts and mix with fluids from the testes, epididymis, and accessory sex glands to form the semen 373839. Among these accessory glands, seminal vesicles account for 65%–75% of the production of semen 40. During the last decade, increasing evidence has disclosed the concomitant existence of a vitamin D receptor and metabolizing enzymes in the epithelium of human seminal vesicles 525.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of vitamin D on sperm motility and the underlying mechanism

et al. 2019

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Vitamin D deficiency is a common health issue around the world. We therefore evaluated the associations of semen quality with both serum and seminal plasma vitamin D levels and studied the mechanisms underlying these by incubating spermatozoa with 1,25(OH) 2 D in vitro . Two hundred and twenty-two men were included in our study. Vitamin D was detected using an electrochemiluminescence method. Spermatozoa used for in vitro experiments were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Positive relationships of serum 25(OH)D with semen volume and seminal plasma fructose were identified. Seminal plasma 25(OH)D level showed no relationship with serum 25(OH)D level, while it was inversely associated with sperm concentration and positively correlated with semen volume and sperm kinetic values. In vitro , sperm kinetic parameters increased after incubation with 1,25(OH) 2 D, especially upon incubation for 30 min with it at a concentration of 0.1 nmol l −1 . Under these incubation conditions, the upward migration of spermatozoa increased remarkably with increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration. The concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the activity of protein kinase A (PKA) were both elevated, and the PKA inhibitor, N-[2-(p-Bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride (H89) reversed the increase of ATP production. The concentrations of cytoplasmic calcium ions and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) were both enhanced, while mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) inhibitor, Ruthenium 360 (Ru360) did not reverse the increase of ATP production. Therefore, seminal plasma vitamin D may be involved in regulating sperm motility, and 1,25(OH) 2 D may enhance sperm motility by promoting the synthesis of ATP both through the cAMP/PKA pathway and the increase in intracellular calcium ions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of vitamin D on sperm motility and the underlying mechanism

et al. 2019

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“…Additional laboratory tests and imaging techniques can be used to define the diagnosis. For patients suspected of primary hypogonadism, routine semen analysis and testicular sonography are examples of specialized diagnostic practices that can aid in confirming a diagnosis and localizing a lesion or specific area of testicular dysfunction 129,130 . Conversely, in the case of suspected secondary hypogonadism, laboratory tests such as serum prolactin levels, iron saturation and pituitary function tests can assist in identifying causes of hypothalamic and/or pituitary dysfunction.…”

Section: Diagnosis Screening and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric and adult-onset male hypogonadism

Salonia

Rastrelli

Hackett

et al. 2019

Nat Rev Dis Primers

177

187

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The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is of relevance in many processes related to the development, maturation and ageing of the male. Through this axis, a cascade of coordinated activities is carried out leading to sustained testicular endocrine function, with gonadal testosterone production, as well as exocrine function, with spermatogenesis. Conditions impairing the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis during paediatric or pubertal life may result in delayed puberty. Late-onset hypogonadism is a clinical condition in the ageing male combining low

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“…Clinical assessment of male fertility is usually based on semen analysis, including sperm count, sperm morphology, and motility [1]. However, unexplained male infertility occurs even with all normal semen parameters, in clinical practice [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prss37 Is Required for Male Fertility in the Mouse1

Shen

Kuang

et al. 2013

Biology of Reproduction

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In order to understand the mechanisms of mammalian fertilization, studies using genetically manipulated animals have provided us with plenty of interesting and valuable information on the genetic factors affecting male fertility. In the present work, we demonstrate for the first time that Prss37, a previously uncharacterized putative trypsin-like serine protease, is required for male fertility. Prss37 is highly and exclusively expressed in the testis of adult mice, especially in the elongating spermatids during spermiogenesis, and almost vanishes in the mature sperm of mice. Mice deficient for Prss37 show male infertility, but their mating activity, spermatogenesis, sperm morphology, and motility remain unaffected. In vivo fertilization assays revealed that Prss37(-/-) mice exhibited a markedly decreased fertilization rate (2.3% vs. 70% of that in control mice) accompanied by the defect in sperm migration from uterus into oviduct. In vitro study further showed sperm were incapable of sperm-egg recognition/binding when zona-intact eggs were exposed to Prss37(-/-) sperm, in which mature Adam3 was completely undetectable. Interestingly, however, Prss37(-/-) sperm were able to fertilize cumulus-intact oocytes in vitro. These data clearly indicate that Prss37 deficiency causes the absence of mature Adam3 in sperm and a defect in sperm migration from uterus into oviduct, which mainly accounts for male infertility of Prss37-null mice, while the defect in sperm-zona binding seems irrelevant to the fertilizing ability of Prss37(-/-) sperm.

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Semen analysis in laboratory practice: An overview of routine tests

Cited by 18 publications

References 93 publications

The effect of vitamin D on sperm motility and the underlying mechanism

The effect of vitamin D on sperm motility and the underlying mechanism

Paediatric and adult-onset male hypogonadism

Prss37 Is Required for Male Fertility in the Mouse1

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