Semantics and Social Science

Macdonald, Graham; Pettit, Philip

doi:10.4324/9780203832769

Cited by 16 publications

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“…The main thesis of this paper is that the Location Problem can be solved by conceptualizing the relation between social entities and non-social entities as one 1 Oppenheim and Putnam (1958), Quinton (1976), MacDonald and Pettit (1981), and Copp (1984) defend the idea that individual and social entities relate to one another as parts to wholes. 2 MacDonald and Pettit (1981), Mellor (1982), Currie (1984), and Kincaid (1986) Little (1991), Tuomela (1995), Sawyer (2002), and Zahle (2003) defend supervenience of social properties on individual properties.…”

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The location problem in social ontology

Hindriks

2011

Synthese

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Mental, mathematical, and moral facts are difficult to accommodate within an overall worldview due to the peculiar kinds of properties inherent to them. In this paper I argue that a significant class of social entities also presents us with an ontological puzzle that has thus far not been addressed satisfactorily. This puzzle relates to the location of certain social entities. Where, for instance, are organizations located? Where their members are, or where their designated offices are? Organizations depend on their members for their existence, but the members of an organization can be where the organization is not. The designated office of an organization, however, need be little more than a mailbox. I argue that the problem can be solved by conceptualizing the relation between social entities and non-social entities as one of constitution, a relation of unity without identity. Constituted objects have properties that cannot be reduced to properties of the constituting objects. Thus, my attempt to solve the Location Problem results in an argument in favor of a kind of non-reductive materialism about the social.Keywords Constitution · Constitutive rule · Location · Organization · Non-reductive individualism · Normative power · Social ontology · Status Mathematical, mental, and moral facts are difficult to accommodate within an overall worldview. Mathematical entities present an ontological puzzle to philosophers because they are abstract. How the relation between mental and physical properties should be conceptualized is complicated by qualia because of their inherently subjective phenomenology. And the moral domain resists reduction, many believe,

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“…2 MacDonald and Pettit (1981), Mellor (1982), Currie (1984), and Kincaid (1986) Little (1991), Tuomela (1995), Sawyer (2002), and Zahle (2003) defend supervenience of social properties on individual properties. 3 See Epstein (2009, p. 188).…”

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The location problem in social ontology

Hindriks

2011

Synthese

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“…Pero adoptar un punto de vista externo no supone necesariamente limitarse a registrar o describir regularidades de conductas, ya que desde este punto de vista también puede 510 HART, 1994: 56. 511 Véase MACDONALD y PETTIT, 1981: 112. 512 HART, 1994 513 HART, 1994: 242. describirse el hecho de que otros aceptan ciertas reglas como pauta de comportamiento, y por ello realizan juicios críticos ante las desviaciones.…”

Section: 1-de Las Prácticas Jurídicas En Generalunclassified

Comprensión y justificación de la responsabilidad extracontractual

Papayannis¹

2014

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Los bienes primarios, dice RAWLS, son cosas que presumiblemente todas las personas racionales desean. Estos bienes, normalmente, son útiles para llevar a cabo cualquier plan de vida racional. Agrupados en categorías más bien amplias, los bienes primarios son derechos, libertades y oportunidades e ingresos y riquezas. 73 RAWLS, 1999: 110. 74 «Primer principio: cada persona ha de tener un derecho igual al más extenso sistema total de libertades básicas compatible con un sistema similar de libertad para todos. Segundo principio: las desigualdades económicas y sociales han de estar estructuradas de manera que sean para: a) el mayor beneficio de los menos aventajados, en concordancia con el principio de ahorro justo, y b) estén ligadas a cargos y posiciones accesibles a todos, en condiciones de justa igualdad de oportunidades». Véase RAWLS, 1999: 266. 75 Cuando hay monopolios la sociedad derrocha recursos ya que paga precios más altos por cantidades menores a las eficientes.

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“…According to reductive materialism, social groups are concrete material particulars; for example, tennis teams are located in space-time and they participate in causal relations. Materialism comes in two forms: (i) fusionism is the view that social groups are fusions of their members (Oppenheim and Putnam 1958;Quinton 1976;Mellor 1982;Copp 1984;Martin 1988;Sheehy 2006;Sider 2001;MacDonald and Pettit 2011;Wahlberg 2014;Hawley 2017); (ii) pluralism is the view that social groups just are their members (Black 1971;López de Sa 2007;Korman 2015;Horden and López de Sa 2020).…”

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Social Groups Are Concrete Material Particulars

Richardson

2022

Can. J. of Philosophy

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It is natural to think that social groups are concrete material particulars, but this view faces an important objection. Suppose the chess club and nature club have the same members. Intuitively, these are different clubs even though they have a common material basis. Some philosophers take these intuitions to show that the materialist view must be abandoned. I propose an alternative explanation. Social groups are concrete material particulars, but there is a psychological explanation of nonidentity intuitions. Social groups appear coincident but nonidentical because they are perceived to be governed by conflicting social norms.

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Semantics and Social Science

Cited by 16 publications

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The location problem in social ontology

The location problem in social ontology

Comprensión y justificación de la responsabilidad extracontractual

Social Groups Are Concrete Material Particulars

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