Semantic relatedness and distinctive processing may inflate older adults’ positive memory bias

Baraly, Kylee T. Ack; Morand, Alexandrine; Fusca, Laura; Davidson, Patrick S. R.; Hot, Pascal

doi:10.3758/s13421-019-00943-3

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Emotional Pictures Task (Ack Baraly et al, 2019;Lang et al, 2008). To examine visual memory for affective images, we followed the protocol used by Ack Baraly et al (2019).…”

Section: Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mind the age gap: A comprehensive examination of apathy, depression, and cognition in young adults.

Fishman¹,

Ashbaugh²

2022

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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Apathy and depression are associated with poorer cognition in healthy older adults. We examined the relationship between apathy and depression with cognition in young adults (n = 96) from a bilingual university in Ontario. Participants completed measures of apathy, depression, executive function (EF), working memory (WM), autobiographical memory, neutral verbal memory, and memory for affective images. Apathy was present in 22% of the sample. Apathy in young adults was not related to performance in EF, WM, neutral memory, or memory for affective images after adjusting for depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were also not related to neuropsychological performance. However, high levels of depressive symptoms predicted greater recall of negatively valenced than positively valenced images, t(64) = 2.34, p = .022, and specific autobiographical memories (AM), t(93) = 2.47, p = .015. These findings support the notion that mild-to-moderate symptoms of depression and apathy exert a minimal to negligible impact on EF, WM, and memory in young, educated adults. As a result, neuropsychologists who assess cognition in this population are encouraged to explore reasons other than psychopathology to explain deficits, particularly when evaluating clients who report mild affective or mood symptoms. Future research in this area should incorporate additional EF measures and individuals with severe apathetic symptomatology in order to refine our understanding of specific indices that may be differentially impacted by apathy.

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“…Emotional Pictures Task (Ack Baraly et al, 2019;Lang et al, 2008). To examine visual memory for affective images, we followed the protocol used by Ack Baraly et al (2019).…”

Section: Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emotional Pictures Task (Ack Baraly et al, 2019;Lang et al, 2008). To examine visual memory for affective images, we followed the protocol used by Ack Baraly et al (2019). Participants were presented with 34 images in a row from the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS; Lang et al, 2008).…”

Section: Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind the age gap: A comprehensive examination of apathy, depression, and cognition in young adults.

Fishman¹,

Ashbaugh²

2022

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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“…Second, mood induction occurred immediately prior to the encoding of emotional stimuli because encoding congruence (i.e., congruence between mood at encoding and the stimuli) produces more reliable MCM effects and as reviewed above, mood at encoding may differ between young and older adults. Third, we presented the emotional and neutral pictures in a mixed order to encourage the distinctive processing of emotional items (Talmi et al, 2007;Talmi and McGarry, 2012;Ack Baraly et al, 2019).…”

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A set of 10 positive, 10 negative, and 10 neutral pictures were selected from a larger set of pictures published in Ack Baraly et al (2019). The pictures were from the International Affective Picture System (Lang et al, 2008), the Geneva Affective Picture Database (Dan-Glauser and Scherer, 2011), and the internet.…”

Section: Stimuli For Memory Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling Aging and Mood Effects on Emotional Memory

Tamera

Kannampuzha

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Older adults tend to be in a more positive mood than young adults, and tend to remember positive information more often than negative information, yet the link between their positive mood and their positive memory bias has not often been explored. In this study, we manipulated young and older adults’ moods prior to their completing an emotional memory task. For mood manipulation, young (n = 147) and older (n = 111) adults viewed a positive, negative, or neutral video lasting 3 min. To validate the mood induction, we collected self-reported ratings of valence and arousal (affective slider; Betella and Verschure, 2016) at baseline, after the video, and after the memory task. The memory task consisted of incidental encoding of 30 intermixed pictures (10 positive, 10 negative, 10 neutral valence), followed by free recall. The mood manipulation changed people’s self-reported valence, yet it did not influence self-reported arousal. The memory task revealed a consistent negativity bias in young adults. Older adults recalled negative and positive pictures equally well in all conditions. After viewing a negative video, they recalled positive pictures more often than neutral pictures, but did not show the same advantage for negative pictures over neutral pictures. This positive memory advantage was weaker in the positive mood condition. Therefore, mood manipulation influenced in part older adults’ emotional memory bias, showing some signs of mood incongruence which we discuss in terms of emotion regulation. This shows the importance of accounting for mood differences in studies on aging and memory. The robust age group differences support the view that the positivity effect in aging is the result of a negativity bias that fades with age.

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“…Recall that memory retrieval is one of the main strategies AUT respondents engage with at the time of DT ideation. For example, a research conducted by Ack Baraly, Morand, Fusca, Davidson, and Hot (2019) shows how engaging in semantic relatedness tasks improves memory in older as well as younger adults. The use of indirect pathways in memory retrieving tasks and its link to relatedness has been long observed in the literature (e.g., Jones & Anderson, 1987).…”

Section: Perspective From a Cognitive Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

Where Divergent Ideas Converge: Answers to AUT Found on Short List of Word Co-Occurrences Terms

Klein

Badía

2022

Creativity Research Journal

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Divergent thinking (DT) is a fundamental part of creative ideation. Understanding its role in cognition and its attainment through language technology can provide the scaffolding to enhance creative endeavors. This study is a proof of concept on the automatic generation of keyword responses as found on the AUT (Alternative Uses Task), a test commonly used to measure DT. Within a psychometric perspective, we propose a frequency-based simple word co-occurrence method called Co-OBM (co-occurrence-based method). Drawing from Natural Language Processing (NLP) we choose the adequate parameter settings for this task, including part-of-speech tagging (POS), word form, association measure, minimum occurrence in corpus and window size. Through our experiments, we show how most of the popular responses to AUT can be identified in a short word co-occurrence list, together with some of the least frequent, and usually more creative, responses, how this outcome is not random but based on linguistic patterns (Experiment 1); and how Co-OBM output can enhance the performance of subjects' AUT responses (Experiment 2). This is relevant since word co-occurrence is at the core of current language models. Our work aims to reflect and provide technical and empirical foundations for the development of distributional language models for creative purposes.

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Semantic relatedness and distinctive processing may inflate older adults’ positive memory bias

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

Mind the age gap: A comprehensive examination of apathy, depression, and cognition in young adults.

Mind the age gap: A comprehensive examination of apathy, depression, and cognition in young adults.

Disentangling Aging and Mood Effects on Emotional Memory

Where Divergent Ideas Converge: Answers to AUT Found on Short List of Word Co-Occurrences Terms

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