Semantic priming and neurobiology in schizophrenia: A theoretical review

Almeida, Victor N.; Radanovic, Márcia

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108058

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 322 publications

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“…Regarding more recent findings, a current review reported heterogeneous results ( Almeida and Radanovic, 2021 ): Hyperpriming, described by the majority of studies and associated with positive FTD (e.g., Safadi et al, 2013 ; Kuperberg et al, 2019 ), was repeatedly reported ( Almeida and Radanovic, 2021 ), whereas other studies found persistent (i.e., beyond the acute phase of illness; Besche-Richard et al, 2014 ) hypopriming (e.g., Niznikiewicz et al, 2010 ; Sass et al, 2014 ; Tan et al, 2015 ). Furthermore, the typicality effect (i.e., faster response to typical than to atypical words) was found to be reduced during the initial episode of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (but not during stabilization) and correlated with negative symptoms ( Hui et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Current Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Also with regard to N400 findings, review papers pointed to incongruent study results ( Kuperberg et al, 2010 ; Mohammad and DeLisi, 2013 ) without a clear correlation between specific N400 patterns and FTD measures ( Almeida and Radanovic, 2021 ). Here, persons with schizophrenia predominantly showed a reduced N400 effect (e.g., Laurent et al, 2010 ; Mathalon et al, 2010 ; Niznikiewicz et al, 2010 ; Kiang et al, 2014 ; meta-analysis see Wang et al, 2011 ; review see Almeida and Radanovic, 2021 ), which has been described as “normalized” after the acute phase of disease ( Besche-Richard et al, 2014 ). A modulation by the SOA seems to be important here.…”

Section: Current Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linguistic findings in persons with schizophrenia—a review of the current literature

Ehlen,

Montag,

Leopold

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionAlterations of verbalized thought occur frequently in psychotic disorders. We characterize linguistic findings in individuals with schizophrenia based on the current literature, including findings relevant for differential and early diagnosis.MethodsReview of literature published via PubMed search between January 2010 and May 2022.ResultsA total of 143 articles were included. In persons with schizophrenia, language-related alterations can occur at all linguistic levels. Differentiating from findings in persons with affective disorders, typical symptoms in those with schizophrenia mainly include so-called “poverty of speech,” reduced word and sentence production, impaired processing of complex syntax, pragmatic language deficits as well as reduced semantic verbal fluency. At the at-risk state, “poverty of content,” pragmatic difficulties and reduced verbal fluency could be of predictive value.DiscussionThe current results support multilevel alterations of the language system in persons with schizophrenia. Creative expressions of psychotic experiences are frequently found but are not in the focus of this review. Clinical examinations of linguistic alterations can support differential diagnostics and early detection. Computational methods (Natural Language Processing) may improve the precision of corresponding diagnostics. The relations between language-related and other symptoms can improve diagnostics.

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Section: Current Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Current Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linguistic findings in persons with schizophrenia—a review of the current literature

Ehlen,

Montag,

Leopold

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The time taken to make the lexical decision, or reaction time (RT), is shorter for target words preceded by such related words 52 . In people with schizophrenia attributes (SzAs, i.e., schizophrenia patients and subclinical people with schizotypal traits), this RT priming is smaller than in healthy controls with low schizotypal traits when the time between the onset of the priming word and that of the string of letter is longer than 500 ms 53 . On the other hand, the N400 event-related brain potential (ERP) has also been found to depend on semantic priming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Quantifying the effects of practicing a semantic task according to subclinical schizotypy

Diao,

Demchenko,

Asare

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The learning ability of individuals within the schizophrenia spectrum is crucial for their psychosocial rehabilitation. When selecting a treatment, it is thus essential to consider the impact of medications on practice effects, an important type of learning ability. To achieve this end goal, a pre-treatment test has to be developed and tested in healthy participants first. This is the aim of the current work, which takes advantage of the schizotypal traits present in these participants to preliminary assess the test’s validity for use among patients. In this study, 47 healthy participants completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and performed a semantic categorization task twice, with a 1.5-hour gap between sessions. Practice was found to reduce reaction times (RTs) in both low- and high-SPQ scorers. Additionally, practice decreased the amplitudes of the N400 event-related brain potentials elicited by semantically matching words in low SPQ scorers only, which shows the sensitivity of the task to schizotypy. Across the two sessions, both RTs and N400 amplitudes had good test–retest reliability. This task could thus be a valuable tool. Ongoing studies are currently evaluating the impact of fully deceptive placebos and of real antipsychotic medications on these practice effects. This round of research should subsequently assist psychiatrists in making informed decisions about selecting the most suitable medication for the psychosocial rehabilitation of a patient.

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“…The spreading activation model has been influential in linguistic and behavioral cognitive research 12 . With a few exceptions pertaining to neurotransmitter levels modulating the amount of spreading activation 13 , 14 , the precise biological implementation and plausibility of the spreading activation model have not been sufficiently addressed. Furthermore, the spreading activation model does not explain how NA on meso- and macroscopic measures of brain activity emerges from activity patterns in populations of single neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-neuron mechanisms of neural adaptation in the human temporal lobe

et al. 2023

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A central function of the human brain is to adapt to new situations based on past experience. Adaptation is reflected behaviorally by shorter reaction times to repeating or similar stimuli, and neurophysiologically by reduced neural activity in bulk-tissue measurements with fMRI or EEG. Several potential single-neuron mechanisms have been hypothesized to cause this reduction of activity at the macroscopic level. We here explore these mechanisms using an adaptation paradigm with visual stimuli bearing abstract semantic similarity. We recorded intracranial EEG (iEEG) simultaneously with spiking activity of single neurons in the medial temporal lobes of 25 neurosurgical patients. Recording from 4917 single neurons, we demonstrate that reduced event-related potentials in the macroscopic iEEG signal are associated with a sharpening of single-neuron tuning curves in the amygdala, but with an overall reduction of single-neuron activity in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and parahippocampal cortex, consistent with fatiguing in these areas.

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Semantic priming and neurobiology in schizophrenia: A theoretical review

Cited by 10 publications

References 322 publications

Linguistic findings in persons with schizophrenia—a review of the current literature

Linguistic findings in persons with schizophrenia—a review of the current literature

Quantifying the effects of practicing a semantic task according to subclinical schizotypy

Single-neuron mechanisms of neural adaptation in the human temporal lobe

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