Semantic Memory

Quillian, M. Ross

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-1446-7.50013-3

Cited by 246 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Both sets of phenomena have been explained with reference to spreading-activation models derived from Collins and Quillian's (1969;Collins & Loftus, 1975;Quillian, 1968) influential theory, an effort that nicely illustrates the paradox. In spreading-activation theories, conceptual knowledge is stored as a system of propositions organized hierarchically in memory.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Object categorization: Reversals and explanations of the basic-level advantage.

Rogers

Patterson²

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

166

163

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People are generally faster and more accurate to name or categorize objects at the basic level (e.g., dog) relative to more general (animal) or specific (collie) levels, an effect replicated in Experiment 1 for categorization of object pictures. To some, this pattern suggests a dual-process mechanism, in which objects first activate basic-level categories directly and later engage more general or specific categories through the spread of activation in a processing hierarchy. This account is, however, challenged by data from Experiment 2 showing that neuropsychological patients with impairments of conceptual knowledge categorize more accurately at superordinate levels than at the basic level-suggesting that knowledge about an object's general nature does not depend on prior basic-level categorization. The authors consider how a parallel distributed processing theory of conceptual knowledge can reconcile the apparent discrepancy. This theory predicts that if healthy individuals are encouraged to make rapid categorization responses, the usual basic Ͼ general advantage should also reverse, a prediction tested and confirmed in Experiment 3. Implications for theories of visual object recognition are discussed.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Object categorization: Reversals and explanations of the basic-level advantage.

Rogers

Patterson²

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

166

163

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“…Early knowledge representation (KR) formalisms such as semantic networks and frames included a wealth of features in order to provide as much expressive power as possible (Quillian, 1968;Minsky, 1975). In particular, such formalisms usually admitted a structured representation of classes and objects similar to modern description logics (DLs), but also mechanisms for defeasible inheritance, default rules, and other features that are nowadays studied in the area of nonmonotonic logics (NMLs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complexity of Circumscription in DLs

Bonatti¹,

Lutz²,

Wolter³

2009

jair

100

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As fragments of first-order logic, Description logics (DLs) do not provide nonmonotonic features such as defeasible inheritance and default rules. Since many applications would benefit from the availability of such features, several families of nonmonotonic DLs have been developed that are mostly based on default logic and autoepistemic logic. In this paper, we consider circumscription as an interesting alternative approach to nonmonotonic DLs that, in particular, supports defeasible inheritance in a natural way. We study DLs extended with circumscription under different language restrictions and under different constraints on the sets of minimized, fixed, and varying predicates, and pinpoint the exact computational complexity of reasoning for DLs ranging from ALC to ALCIO and ALCQO. When the minimized and fixed predicates include only concept names but no role names, then reasoning is complete for NExp NP . It becomes complete for NP NExp when the number of minimized and fixed predicates is bounded by a constant. If roles can be minimized or fixed, then complexity ranges from NExp NP to undecidability.

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“…Graphs are mathematical objects consisting of sets of nodes and sets of edges connecting the nodes. Traditional semantic networks are "graphs" with labeled connections that instantiate different relationships between entities (e.g., "a robin is a bird" is represented by a particular type of link (the IS-A link) between the "robin" node and the "bird" node, or the HAS linking "a bird has feathers", that together support the inference that "a robin has feathers" (Quillian, 1968)). Semantic graphs (i.e., "stripped down" versions of semantic networks) can be used to capture associative and conceptual relationships by automatically analyzing large portions of text, usually linking together nodes that represent words that co-occur within a small range in a large corpus (graphs built this way are referred to here as "lexical graphs"; Ferrer i Cancho and Solé, 2001;Dorogovtsev and Mendes, 2001;Steyvers & Tenembaum, 2001).…”

Section: Semantic Graphs and Complex Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting order–disorder transitions in discourse: Implications for schizophrenia

Cabana¹,

Valle-Lisboa²,

Elvevåg³

et al. 2011

Schizophrenia Research

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Several psychiatric and neurological conditions affect the semantic organization and content of a patient's speech. Specifically, the discourse of patients with schizophrenia is frequently characterized as lacking coherence. The evaluation of disturbances in discourse is often used in diagnosis and in assessing treatment efficacy, and is an important factor in prognosis.Measuring these deviations, such as "loss of meaning" and incoherence, is difficult and requires substantial human effort. Computational procedures can be employed to characterize the nature of the anomalies in discourse. We present a set of new tools derived from network theory and information science that may assist in empirical and clinical studies of communication patterns in patients, and provide the foundation for future automatic procedures. First we review information science and complex network approaches to measuring semantic coherence, and then we introduce a representation of discourse that allows for the computation of measures of disorganization. Finally we apply these tools to speech transcriptions from patients and a healthy participant, illustrating the implications and potential of this novel framework.

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Semantic Memory

Cited by 246 publications

References 15 publications

Object categorization: Reversals and explanations of the basic-level advantage.

Object categorization: Reversals and explanations of the basic-level advantage.

The Complexity of Circumscription in DLs

Detecting order–disorder transitions in discourse: Implications for schizophrenia

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