Semantic Learning Modifies Perceptual Face Processing

Heisz, Jennifer J.; Shedden, Judith M.

doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21104

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The authors compared processing of unfamiliar faces with processing of newly learned faces that either had been associated with a name and a piece of biographical information or had been learned in isolation without any accompanying information. In contrast to the observations by Galli et al (2006) and Heisz and Shedden (2009), Paller and colleagues found an influence of biographical knowledge on recognition performance in an old/new judgement task. While no N170 effects were reported, the authors demonstrated an enhanced positivity at frontal electrodes between 400 and 500 ms after stimulus presentation to faces associated with biographical information, relative to faces presented without information.…”

contrasting

confidence: 59%

“…This result indicates that there might be knowledge effects on ERP components that are associated with processes normally considered to be impenetrable by semantic knowledge. Likewise, Heisz and Shedden (2009) demonstrated that the N170 repetition effect (an amplitude decrease with repetitions) was present only for unfamiliar faces, but absent for faces that were familiar (in the sense that participants acquired semantic information about the faces).…”

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confidence: 91%

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Knowledge scale effects in face recognition: An electrophysiological investigation

Rahman

Sommer

2011

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Although the amount or scale of biographical knowledge held in store about a person may differ widely, little is known about whether and how these differences may affect the retrieval processes triggered by the person's face. In a learning paradigm, we manipulated the scale of biographical knowledge while controlling for a common set of minimal knowledge and perceptual experience with the faces. A few days after learning, and again after 6 months, knowledge effects were assessed in three tasks, none of which concerned the additional knowledge. Whereas the performance effects of additional knowledge were small, event-related brain potentials recorded during testing showed amplitude modulations in the time range of the N400 component-indicative of knowledge access-but also at a much earlier latency in the P100 componentreflecting early stages of visual analysis. However, no effects were found in the N170 component, which is taken to reflect structural analyses of faces. The present findings replicate knowledge scale effects in object recognition and suggest that enhanced knowledge affects both early visual processes and the later processes associated with semantic processing, even when this knowledge is not task-relevant.

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confidence: 59%

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Knowledge scale effects in face recognition: An electrophysiological investigation

Rahman

Sommer

2011

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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“…Such a view seems to be supported by the greater false alarm rate associated with reward-related faces. Several lines of research have recently shown effects of familiarity, repetition priming, and recognition on N170 responses to faces (Caharel, Courtay, Bernard, Lalonde, & Rebai, 2005;Campanella et al, 2000;Guillaume et al, 2009;Heisz & Shedden, 2009;Herzmann & Sommer, 2010;Jacques & Rossion, 2006;Jemel et al, 2005;Jemel et al, 2003;Marzi & Viggiano, 2007, 2010a, 2010b, suggesting that, as early as 170 ms after stimulus onset, the brain is individuating previously encoded faces. In line with these studies, we further suggest that reward-related processes might interact with structural encoding processes that lead to face recognition.…”

Section: Reward-related Recognition Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“Wanted!” The effects of reward on face recognition: electrophysiological correlates

Marini

Marzi

Viggiano

2011

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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The aim of the present study was to uncover the temporal dynamics of face recognition as a function of reward. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during the encoding and the subsequent old/new memory test in response to faces that could be associated with a monetary reward. The behavioral results showed that faces associated with reward at both encoding and retrieval were recognized better than the unrewarded ones. ERP responses highlighted that successful encoding predictive of subsequent memory was greater for faces associated with reward than for faces without reward-driven motivational learning. At retrieval, an early positive-going component was elicited for potentially rewarded faces on frontal regions, while the occipito-temporal N170 component showed priming effects as a function of reward. Later on, larger centro-parietal ERP components, related to recognition memory, were found selectively for reward-associated faces. Remarkably, electrophysiological responses varied in a graded manner, with the largest amplitude yielded by faces with double reward, followed by faces associated with reward only at encoding. Taken together, the present data show that the processing of outcome expectations affects face structural encoding and increases memory efficiency, yielding a robust and sustained modulation over frontal and temporal areas where reward and memory mechanisms operate in conjunction.

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“…The N170 is generally viewed as a marker of the encoding stage of the face structure (Eimer, 2000;Rossion et al, 1999), when the perceptual representation of a face is being created, although its sensitivity to identity is still actively debated (e.g. Caharel et al, 2009;Heisz and Shedden, 2009;Schweinberger., in press, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species sensitivity of early face and eye processing

2011

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Humans are better at recognizing human faces than faces of other species. However, it is unclear whether this species sensitivity can be seen at early perceptual stages of face processing and whether it involves species sensitivity for important facial features like the eyes. These questions were addressed by comparing the modulations of the N170 ERP component to faces, eyes and eyeless faces of humans, apes, cats and dogs, presented upright and inverted. Although all faces and isolated eyes yielded larger responses than the control object category (houses), the N170 was shorter and smaller to human than animal faces and larger to human than animal eyes. Most importantly, while the classic inversion effect was found for human faces, animal faces yielded no inversion effect or an opposite inversion effect, as seen for objects, suggesting a different neural process involved for humans faces compared to faces of other species. Thus, in addition to its general face and eye categorical sensitivity, the N170 appears particularly sensitive to the human species for both faces and eyes. The results are discussed in the context of a recent model of the N170 response involving face and eye sensitive neurons (Itier et al., 2007) where the eyes play a central role in face perception. The data support the intuitive idea that eyes are what make animal head fronts look face-like and that proficiency for the human species involves visual expertise for the human eyes.

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Semantic Learning Modifies Perceptual Face Processing

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Knowledge scale effects in face recognition: An electrophysiological investigation

Knowledge scale effects in face recognition: An electrophysiological investigation

“Wanted!” The effects of reward on face recognition: electrophysiological correlates

Species sensitivity of early face and eye processing

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