Semantic and syntactic reading comprehension strategies used by deaf children with early and late cochlear implantation

The Effect of Characteristics of Wearing an Assistive Listening Device on Literacy for School-age Hearing-impaired Children

“…Second, variables correlating with the literacy of hearing-impaired children include kinds of assistive listening devices, discovery time of hearing loss, and wearing periods. These results may be consistent with that of previous studies on the linguistic development and literacy of hearing-impaired children [10].…”

“…First, regarding the differences in literacy by assistive listening devices, the results showed that children wearing hearing aids had a lower performance in word recognition and fluency than did those with cochlear implants. This result is consistent with that of previous studies [10] indicating that children's language skills were significantly improved by using cochlear implants. Children whose hearing loss was discovered before 7 months of age demonstrate a higher performance of word recognition than those whose hearing loss was discovered after 7 months of age, which is consistent with the result that the latter occurs the discovery time, the better are the children's language skills [8], however, this results does not agree with another finding that the earlier is the discovery, the better are the children's language skills [7].…”

“…This disparity could be explained by the criterion on which the discovery time of the participants was divided and individual characteristics. The result also coincides with that of previous studies finding that the longer was the wearing periods of assistive listening devices, the better was the performance of literacy [10]. However, no differences in literacy were observed between the groups according to wearing time.…”

“…It has been emphasized that, in terms of the linguistic development, the discovery time of hearing loss is more important than its degree [9]. For instance, [10] reported that wearing assistive listening devices before 24 months of age enhanced children's language skills.…”

Development of Phonological, Lexical, and Syntactic Abilities in Children With Cochlear Implants Across the Elementary Grades

“…Finally, the potential contributions of various treatment variables to children's language development were examined. In particular, the age at which a child receives a first CI has frequently been found to influence language outcomes (Ching et al, 2013;Gallego, Martín-Aragoneses, López-Higes, & Pisón, 2016;Geers, Davidson, Uchanski, & Nicholas, 2013;Geers et al, 2016;Leigh, Dettman, Dowell, & Briggs, 2013;Tobey et al, 2013), although evidence to the contrary has also been found (C. C. Dunn et al, 2014;Holt & Svirsky, 2008;Lund, 2016). For the specific children in this longitudinal study, it has been observed that having had a period of time using a hearing aid on the ear contralateral to a first CI (i.e., bimodal stimulation) at the time of receiving a first CI provided beneficial effects to language development, with higher mean scores consistently obtained for children with histories of bimodal experience Nittrouer & Chapman, 2009).…”