Sem Observations and Developmental Biology of Tobrilus Paludicola Micoletzky, 1925 (Nematoda: Enoplida)

Tahseen, Qudsia; Ahmad, Irfan; Jairajpuri, M. Shamim

doi:10.1163/187529293x00457

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Two earlier reports deal with embryogenesis of two other Tobrilus species (Drosdovsky 1977;Tahseen et al 1993). However, neither of them focusses on gastrulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual cleavage and gastrulation in a freshwater nematode: developmental and phylogenetic implications

Schierenberg

2004

Dev Genes Evol

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Early embryogenesis in nematodes as seen in Caenorhabditis elegans and many other species of this phylum features several characteristic events. These include the visible presence of a germline from the very beginning generating different somatic lineages via asymmetric cleavages, the absence of a coeloblastula and a unique type of gastrulation with immigration of just two gut precursor cells. Here it is shown by using Nomarski optics that development of the freshwater nematode Tobrilus diversipapillatus differs from this pattern in two prominent aspects. (1) No asymmetric cleavages and no distinct cell lineages are generated; (2) in contrast to all other nematodes studied so far, a prominent coeloblastula is formed and gastrulation resembles the "classical" pattern found all over the animal kingdom. These developmental peculiarities are considered to be plesiomorphic and thus the order "Triplonchida", to which Tobrilus belongs, may occupy a phylogenetic position at the base of the nematode phylum. The findings reported here allow us to reject a number of conceivable correlations between the type of gastrulation and other developmental parameters.

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“…Two earlier reports deal with embryogenesis of two other Tobrilus species (Drosdovsky 1977;Tahseen et al 1993). However, neither of them focusses on gastrulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual cleavage and gastrulation in a freshwater nematode: developmental and phylogenetic implications

Schierenberg

2004

Dev Genes Evol

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“…This assumption was based on the impact aldicarb has on free living nematodes in culture and under carrots [11,24]. However, despite being initially developed as a nematicide, aldicarb has been rarely studied, in relation to free living nematodes [11], does not affect free living nematodes under potato [25] and we could find no published evidence of its impact under cotton rotations. With changes in funding, movement of staff and the removal of aldicarb in 2011, we were unable to test our hypothesis directly, instead resampling fields in in the upper and lower Namoi valley in 2015, which were originally sampled in 2005 and 2007 and for which nematode community analysis had been undertaken [22,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…thiomethoxam, Syngenta) [9], or through the continued or adopted use of the organophosphates and carbamates, such as phorate 2 of 12 and carbosulfan, respectively. The impact of neonicotinoids on entomopathogenic nematodes has been reported to have limited impact on reproduction [10,11], which might imply limited effects on other free living soil nematodes [10,11]. The organophosphate and carbamates are known to have nematicidal activity particularly against reniform, lesion and root-knot nematodes [12,13], but existing work has been on sandy soils, not in clay vertosols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our initial nematode work in the Namoi in between 2005 and 2007, the low numbers of recovered nematodes (<5 nematodes/g soil) were hypothesised as being due to the systemic use of aldicarb [22,23]. This assumption was based on the impact aldicarb has on free living nematodes in culture and under carrots [11,24]. However, despite being initially developed as a nematicide, aldicarb has been rarely studied, in relation to free living nematodes [11], does not affect free living nematodes under potato [25] and we could find no published evidence of its impact under cotton rotations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study of Field Nematode Communities over a Decade of Cotton Production in Australia

2020

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Soil nematode populations have the potential to indicate ecosystem disturbances. In response to questions about nematode interactions with soilborne diseases and whether genetically modified cotton altered nematode populations, several fields in the Namoi cotton growing area of Australia were sampled between 2005 and 2007. No significant interactions were observed, but nematodes numbers were low and postulated to be due to the use of the nematicide aldicarb. Aldicarb was removed from the system in 2011 and in 2015 funding allowed some fields to be resampled to determine if there had been a change in the nematode numbers following aldicarb removal. No significant changes in the total nematode numbers were observed, implying that the removal of aldicarb had little impact on the total nematode population size. However, an increase in plant parasitic nematodes was observed in both fields, but the species identified and the levels of change were not considered a threat to cotton production nor driven solely by altered pesticide chemistry. Additionally, greater numbers of higher order coloniser-persisters in the 2015 samples suggests that the current cotton production system is less disruptive to the soil ecosystem than that of a decade ago.

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Embryology and gonad development in Oscheius shamimi sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditida)

Tahseen¹,

Nisa²

2006

Nematol

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A new species of Rhabditinae collected from compost, is described and illustrated together with observations on embryonic and post-embryonic development. Oscheius shamimi sp. n. is characterised by a medium-sized body (female: L = 0.76-1.52 mm, a = 12-20, b = 4.2-6.3, c = 6.8-13.8, c′ = 4.1-5.8, V = 45-51), finely annulated cuticle; slightly demarcated lip region; lips fused to form three doublets; six lines in lateral field; small stoma with isomorphic metastegostom; cylindrical pharyngeal corpus; slightly protruded vulval lips with subventral cuticular flap; long, proximally dilated, rectum; 53-61 μm long, robust spicules with long capitula having strongly cuticularised ventral walls; pseudopeloderan bursa with nine pairs of genital papillae in 1 + 1 + 1/3 + 3 + ph configuration and six to seven pairs of copulatory muscle bands. Oscheius shamimi sp. n. is amphimictic with a 1:1 sex ratio. The eggs are ovoid and smooth-shelled and measure 48-78 × 37-48 μm. Most eggs are laid in the late stages of embryonation. The embryonation time was 14-15 h at 25 ± 2°C. The genital primordium was orientated obliquely to the longitudinal axis and did not show division of primordial nuclei during the first moult. The didelphic female reproductive system was formed as a result of anterior and posterior elongation of the primordium while the monorchic reproductive system of the male developed from an anterior elongation of the primordium. The life cycle from egg to adult was completed in 3-3.5 days at 25 ± 2°C.

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Sem Observations and Developmental Biology of Tobrilus Paludicola Micoletzky, 1925 (Nematoda: Enoplida)

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Unusual cleavage and gastrulation in a freshwater nematode: developmental and phylogenetic implications

Unusual cleavage and gastrulation in a freshwater nematode: developmental and phylogenetic implications

A Comparative Study of Field Nematode Communities over a Decade of Cotton Production in Australia

Embryology and gonad development in Oscheius shamimi sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditida)

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