SEM investigation of pollen from the lower Eocene (Carinthia and Salzburg in Austria and Brixton, London area, in England): new findings of Vitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Araliaceae and Apiaceae

Hofmann, Christa-Charlotte; Egger, H.; King, Chris

doi:10.1007/s00606-015-1229-7

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Major range shifts to southern latitudes and local extinctions at higher latitudes are likely to have occurred during cool periods and may have enabled the Neotropics colonization in parallel with northern latitude extinctions. The fact that the most reliable fossil of the Asian Palmate group is from the Eocene of Tennessee (Dilcher & Dolph, ; Dilcher & Lott, ) together with the existence of other putatively Asian Palmate fossils from the Eocene of Europe (Hofmann et al, ) and eastern North America (MacGinitie, ), supports the extinction scenario at the northern latitudes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Dispersal‐extinction‐cladogenesis seems to be more appropriate for the reconstruction of the biogeographic history of plants with long‐distance dispersal syndromes, as the Asian Palmate group, because it allows for persistence of widespread descendants from widespread ancestors while DIVALIKE forces to geographic speciation event after the divergence of a widespread ancestor. Also, intercontinental widespread distribution is not only observed for certain generic lineages nowadays ( Hedera, Oplopanax ) but also in the past as inferred from paleobotanical evidence ( Dendropanax : North America‐Tennessee, 53–52 Mya, Dilcher & Dolph, ; Wilf, ; Dilcher & Lott, ; Wyoming, 46.2–40.4 Mya, MacGinitie, ; and Europe–England, 59.2–56, Hofmann et al, ; Oreopanax : North America‐Colorado, 55.8–33.9 Ma, MacGinitie, ; and South America‐Argentina, 55.8–5.3 Ma, Berry, ). The amphi‐Pacific spatial frame indicated by DEC places the radiation of the core in a completely different scenario from the one described in Valcárcel et al ().…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The multiple Eocene fossils from eastern North America and Europe (MacGinitie, ; Dilcher & Dolph, ; Dilcher & Lott, ; Hofmann et al, ) attributed to the Asian Palmate suggest that the migration route was through the North Atlantic bridges. Similar Eocene North Atlantic migrations were documented for many other Asian tropical plant lineages (Amaryllidaceae, Meerow et al, ; Magnoliaceae, Azuma et al, ; Nie et al, ; Lauraceae, Chanderbali et al, ; Li et al, ; Huang et al, ; Fabaceae, Lavin et al, ; Annonaceae, Couvreur et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chloroplast phylogenomic data support Eocene amphi‐Pacific early radiation for the Asian Palmate core Araliaceae

Valcárcel

Wen

2019

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Traditional phylogenies based on analysis of multiple genes have failed to obtain a well‐resolved evolutionary history for the backbone of the Asian Palmate group of Araliaceae, the largest clade of the family. In this study, we applied the genome skimming approach of next‐generation sequencing to address whether the lack of resolution at the base of the Asian Palmate tree is due to molecular sampling error or the footprint of ancient radiation. Twenty‐nine complete plastid genomes of Araliaceae (17 newly sequenced) were analyzed (RAxML, Beast, Lagrange, and BioGeoBears) to provide the first phylogenomic reconstruction of the group (95% of genera included). As a result, the early divergences of the Asian Palmate group have been clarified but the backbone of its core is not totally resolved, with short internal branches pointing to an ancient radiation scenario. East Asia is inferred as the most likely ancestral area for the Asian Palmate group (from late Paleocene to Eocene) from which early colonization of the Neotropics is inferred during the Eocene. The radiation of the core Palmate group took place during the late Eocene, most likely in the context of the Boreotropical hypothesis. Recurrent episodes of southward migration (to the tropics) coupled with northern latitude local extinctions (promoting geographic isolation of lineages) followed by northward expansion (promoting contact of lineages that erased the trace of preceding geographic isolation) are hypothesized to have linked to the alternation of the cold and warm periods of the Eocene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chloroplast phylogenomic data support Eocene amphi‐Pacific early radiation for the Asian Palmate core Araliaceae

Valcárcel

Wen

2019

J of Sytematics Evolution

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“…The Apiaceae contain over 3700 living species and include several important crops, yet their fossil record is sparse and poorly understood (e.g., Friis & al., ; Banasiak & al., ). Apiaceae fossil pollen are known since as early as the Cretaceous (Banasiak & al., and references therein), but the identification below family rank was seldom attempted (e.g., Gruas‐Cavagnetto & Cerceau‐Larrival, ) due to morphological similarities among genera (Hofmann & al., ). Putative Apiaceae macrofossil fruits (mericarps) like Carpites ulmiformis Dorf are also known from the Cretaceous, although their taxonomical affinities are not completely resolved (Manchester & O'Leary, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tracing insular woodiness in giant Daucus (s.l.) fruit fossils from the Early Pleistocene of Madeira Island (Portugal)

Góis‐Marques

Nascimento

Fernández‐Palacios

et al. 2019

TAXON

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Plants on oceanic islands can evolve insular syndromes such as secondary woodiness, a generalized trend found in island floras worldwide. This phenomenon occurs through evolution in situ. It is triggered by ecological and physiological stimuli that transform herbaceous annuals into woody perennials. However, well‐dated and informative fossils that could help track and frame the evolution of this syndrome are lacking. Remarkably, in Madeira Island (Portugal), there are good examples of Apiaceae that evolved secondary woodiness, like the giant neoendemic Melanoselinum (≡ Daucus). Apiaceae has a very scarce fossil record, despite being a cosmopolitan family and an economically important crop. Here we describe the oldest Daucus s.l. fossil known to date and the first fossil evidence of a plant with insular woodiness. The fossils are preserved as mummified/compressed mericarps within 1.3‐million‐year‐old fluvio‐lacustrine sediments of the Funchal unit, Upper Volcanic complex, near Porto da Cruz. We assign them to the extant neoendemic species Melanoselinum (≡ Daucus) decipiens. The mericarp morphology shows remarkable stasis since the Calabrian stage of the Early Pleistocene. Our results demonstrate that in the Madeiran Daucinae clade, insular woodiness developed at least 1.3 million years ago, indicating a coeval or earlier immigration to Madeira Island of a Daucus sp. Our results reinforce the role of palaeobotanical research in oceanic islands, supported by stratigraphy and geochronology studies, as a key element for the understanding of plant palaeobiogeography, ecology and evolution worldwide. We expect this contribution to shed light on the evolutionary origins of carrots, and related plant groups, an important element of human food, and to better comprehend the evolution of plant insular woodiness.

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“…Affinity. Hofmann et al (2015) suggested that this pollen type might belong to Euphorbiaceae or Phyllanthaceae because of the striae and rudimentary honeycomb pattern and the small circular endoporus. Other suggestions include Sapindaceae (Tschudy 1973) or Anacardiaceae based on morphological similarities with Rhoipites (Harrington 2003).…”

Section: Systematic Paleontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biostratigraphically significant palynofloras from the Paleocene–Eocene boundary of the USA

Korasidis

Wing

Harrington³

et al. 2022

Palynology

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Pollen and spores were recovered from the Paleocene Fort Union Formation and Paleocene-Eocene Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin (BHB), northwestern Wyoming, USA. In many local stratigraphic sections in the BHB, the base of the Eocene has been identified by the characteristic negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) that marks the beginning of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The palynotaxa from outcrop samples were examined using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Seven new species are formally described (Tricolpites vegrandis, Rousea spatium, Striatricolporites astutus, Striatopollis calidarius, Friedrichipollis geminus, Retistephanocolporites modicrassus and Retistephanocolporites pergrandis). The temporal and geographic distributions of many of these palynotaxa suggest that hotter and more seasonally dry climates facilitated their northward range shifts during the PETM from the tropics or subtropics of the USA. For the temperate palynotaxa, the hotter and seasonally dry conditions resulted in local extirpation. A reevaluation of the palynostratigraphic schemes established for the Paleocene-Eocene boundary confirms that the first appearance of Platycarya platycaryoides denotes the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in the Rocky Mountains region. A new Striatopollis calidarius Subzone, associated with early Wasatchian (Wa) Wa-0 and Wa-R faunas, is also recognized for CIE body localities in the BHB.

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SEM investigation of pollen from the lower Eocene (Carinthia and Salzburg in Austria and Brixton, London area, in England): new findings of Vitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Araliaceae and Apiaceae

Cited by 8 publications

References 76 publications

Chloroplast phylogenomic data support Eocene amphi‐Pacific early radiation for the Asian Palmate core Araliaceae

Chloroplast phylogenomic data support Eocene amphi‐Pacific early radiation for the Asian Palmate core Araliaceae

Tracing insular woodiness in giant Daucus (s.l.) fruit fossils from the Early Pleistocene of Madeira Island (Portugal)

Biostratigraphically significant palynofloras from the Paleocene–Eocene boundary of the USA

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