SEM-EDX analysis in the source apportionment of particulate matter on Hypogymnia physodes lichen transplants around the Cu smelter and former mining town of Karabash, South Urals, Russia

Environmental Pollution With Heavy Metals in the Republic of Macedonia

“…Appearance of this anthropogenic factor was expected because of the presence of copper open pits. These elements usually appear in higher content due to mining activities [97]. (Cu and Pb) [92] Тhe comparison of the median and range values for the anthropogenic elements obtained from lichen samples with the corresponding values obtained from moss samples (species: Hyloconium splendens and Pleurozium schrebery), collected from the same study area [91], is presented in Table 3 [94].…”

Lichens and Particulate Matter: Inter-relations and Biomonitoring with Lichens

“…Microscopic evidence of the entrapment of particulate matter by lichens is nowadays abundant. A large portion of the metal burden of lichens is found to occur as particulate matter trapped in the intercellular space of the medulla and/or on the cortex of the lichen thallus (Garty et al 1979;Garty and Delarea 1987;Purvis et al 2000;Clark et al 2001;Bettinelli et al 2002;Bačkor and Fahselt 2004;Vingniani et al 2004;Williamson et al 2004;Giordano et al 2005Giordano et al , 2010Ayrault et al 2007;Adamo et al 2008b;Bubach et al 2012;Chaparro et al 2013) and Fig. 3.1.…”

Characterization of Particles Transmitted by Wind from Waste Dump of Phosphatic Fertilizers Plant Deposited on Biological Sample Surfaces

“…This finding stays in agreement with literature data. There is a general consensus that the content and composition of waste by-product impurities depend mainly on the origin of phosphate rock (besides the type of the wet process applied or efficiency of factory operation) Williamson et al, 2004). Stockpiled phosphogypsum in Wislinka is derived from various types of phosphoric rock originating mainly from Tunis, Buckra and Togo or Morocco.…”

“…What is more, a large depth of field gives an opportunity to investigate even three-dimensional objects, which is especially significant in observation of usually very heterogeneous biological samples (Goldstein et al, 1992;Seyama &Soma, 2003;Seyama, 2003;Szynkowska, 2005). The techniques mentioned above are considered a relatively fast and basically non-destructive approach, which can be successfully used as a complementary method to the wet chemical analysis requiring sample homogenization and dissolution (Kempson&Skinner, 2005;Szynkowska et al, 2008a;Szynkowska et al, 2008b;Williamson et al, 2004). Additionally, XRD technique can be applied in environmental monitoring research to identify crystalline phases of studied samples.…”