Selonsertib Enhances Kidney Protection Beyond Standard of Care in a Hypertensive, Secondary Glomerulosclerosis CKD Model

Abstract

Background: Despite widespread use of renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system inhibitors and the benefits of lowering glomerular pressure in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), there remains a major unmet need for therapies targeting underlying causes of CKD progression. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) promotes apoptosis and glomerulosclerosis, and is implicated in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a major cause of CKD. Selonsertib is a selective ASK1 inhibitor currently in clinical development for the treatment of DKD. We examined the added benefits of selonsertib on existing glomerulosclerosis and related molecular pathways in the non-diabetic 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) rat model in combination with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) enalapril. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats underwent 5/6 Nx with kidney biopsy 8 weeks later for assessment of glomerulosclerosis, and were randomized to four treatment groups with equal glomerulosclerosis: selonsertib, enalapril, combination (selonsertib+enalapril), and untreated controls. Serum creatinine, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and urinary albumin were measured at intervals. Animals were sacrificed at week 12 for histological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. Results: All rats developed hypertension, albuminuria, and glomerulosclerosis by week 8. Kidney function further declined, and glomerulosclerosis and albuminuria progressively increased in controls from week 8 to 12. Enalapril treatment alone from week 8-12 reduced SBP versus controls, decreased albuminuria and resulted in numerically lower glomerulosclerosis. Selonsertib alone had no effect on SBP but preserved kidney function. Combined treatment significantly reduced glomerulosclerosis, with more regression than either monotherapy. Enalapril treatment resulted in fewer interstitial macrophages, while selonsertib treatment reduced apoptosis and podocyte loss. RNA-Seq revealed that combined treatment impacted pathways related to extracellular matrix and wound-healing. Conclusions: Selonsertib targets a novel, non-hemodynamic pathway in CKD. Our data suggest that ASK1 inhibition when combined with ACEI has additive effects to reduce progression of glomerulosclerosis, attenuate kidney function decline, and reduce podocyte loss.

ASK1 Inhibitor in Chronic Kidney Disease Therapy: From Bench to Bedside

“…In the recent study by Badal et al . (1), the authors examined the therapeutic effects of an apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor selonsertib in hypertension-induced glomerulosclerosis and renal function loss, which can be augmented in combination with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) enalapril. Their results shed new light on the potential clinical application of the ASK1 inhibitor in CKD treatment.…”

“…In this issue of Kidney360 , Badal et al . provide new evidence for the potential combination treatment of ASK1 inhibitor with ACEi enalapril (1). In a hypertensive glomerulosclerosis CKD rat model (5/6 nephrectomy or 5/6 Nx), they evaluated the severity of glomerulosclerosis development in rats with selonsertib, enalapril, combination (selonsertib+enalapril), and untreated controls.…”

“…Although for ASK1 inhibitor the road from bench to bedside seems narrowed after the failed clinical trials, the study by Badal et al . (1) suggests that it may find a new way to success in therapy while working together with other drugs. Nevertheless, further clinical trials should depend on more preclinical study to identify the potential redundant pathways in humans and reanalysis of the existing clinical data to identify more evidence for combination use with ACEi.…”

“…It is characterized by gradual renal function loss resulting from persistent renal cell death, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis, and currently, effective treatment to reverse disease progression is lacking. In the recent study by Badal et al (1), the authors examined the therapeutic effects of an apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor selonsertib in hypertension-induced glomerulosclerosis and renal function loss, which can be augmented in combination with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) enalapril. Their results shed new light on the potential clinical application of the ASK1 inhibitor in CKD treatment.…”