Self-written waveguide in methylene blue sensitized poly(vinyl alcohol)/acrylamide photopolymer material

Jisha, Chandroth P.; Kishore, V.C.; John, Beena Mary; Kuriakose, V. C.; Porsezian, K.; Kartha, C. Sudha

doi:10.1364/ao.47.006502

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Optical switches have been developed rapidly in the past few years [10][11][12], in which the thermo-optic (TO) waveguide switches utilizing photopolymer materials are extraordinarily attractive, on account of its low cost, lower power consumption, and simple preparation technique [12][13][14][15][16][17]. The bis-phenol-A novolac resin (SU-8) as a negative near-ultraviolet photoresist has been used intensively to fabricate kinds of optical waveguide devices since the competitive advantages it took as reported in the literature [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-optic waveguide gate switch arrays based on direct UV-written highly fluorinated low-loss photopolymer

Niu

Zheng

et al. 2014

Appl. Opt.

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Novel thermo-optic waveguide gate switch arrays were designed and fabricated based on the direct UV-written technique. Highly fluorinated low-loss photopolymers and organic-inorganic grafting materials were used as the waveguide core and cladding, respectively. The low absorption loss characteristics and excellent thermal stabilities of the core and cladding materials were obtained. The rectangular waveguides and arrayed electrode heaters have been theoretically designed and numerically simulated to realize single-mode transmission. The propagation loss of a 4-μm-wide straight waveguide was measured as 0.15 dB/cm. The insertion loss of the device was directly measured to be about 5.5 dB. The rise and fall times of the device applied 100 Hz square-wave voltage were obtained as 1.068 and 1.245 ms, respectively. The switching power was about 9.2 mW, and the extinction ratio was 17.8 dB. The low-loss integrated switch arrays are suitable for realizing large-scale photonic integrated circuits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-optic waveguide gate switch arrays based on direct UV-written highly fluorinated low-loss photopolymer

Niu

Zheng

et al. 2014

Appl. Opt.

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“…As indicated in Section 1, self-written optical channel waveguides can be formed in photopolymer systems due to photopolymerization [6][7][8][12][13][14][15]. In order to examine the optical performance of AA/PVA photopolymer, i.e., self-trapping and the guidance characteristics of the resulting SWWs, it is necessary to prepare thick solid AA/PVA samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several different types of photopolymer materials have been examined as possible selfwritten media [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Photopolymer materials are of interest because they have many significant advantages when used to fabricate SWWs, for example: to expect that the resulting self-written channel should be permanent [7,8,12]. 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AA/PVA photopolymer solutions, i.e., water-based solutions, have been shown to exhibit self-trapping behavior, with Jisha et al [12] demonstrating that SWWs can be formed in liquid AA/PVA in a cuvette. We have performed similar experiments and note that the resulting SWWs formed in such liquid photopolymer systems are not stable over time but dissolve or precipitate out completely postexposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-written waveguides in a dry acrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol photopolymer material

Ryle

et al. 2014

Appl. Opt.

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For the first time it is demonstrated that permanent optical waveguides can be self-written in a solid acrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol photopolymer material. The novel (to our knowledge) technique used to prepare the polymeric medium used is described. It is demonstrated that the resulting waveguides formed can be used to guide different wavelengths. A standard theoretical model is used to predict both the evolution of the light intensity distribution and the channel formation inside the material during the exposure. The experimental results and the numerical simulations are compared, and good agreement is obtained.

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“…They are used in the mass production of holograms for applications related with security purposes and holographic-based memories [1] in addition to other applications [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shrinkage measurement for holographic recording materials

et al. 2017

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There is an increasing demand for new holographic recording materials. One of them are photopolymers, which are becoming a classic media in this field. Their versatility is well known and new possibilities are being created by including new components, such as nanoparticles or dispersed liquid crystal molecules in classical formulations, making them interesting for additional applications in which the thin film preparation and the structural modification have a fundamental importance. Prior to obtaining a wide commercialization of displays based on photopolymers, one of the key aspects is to achieve a complete characterization of them. In this sense, one of the main parameters to estimate and control is the shrinkage of these materials. The volume variations change the angular response of the hologram in two aspects, the angular selectivity and the maximum diffraction efficiency. One criteria for the recording material to be used in a holographic data storage application is the shrinkage, maximum of 0.5%. Along this work, we compare two different methods to measure the holographic recording material shrinkage. The first one is measuring the angle of propagation for both diffracted orders ±1 when slanted gratings are recorded, so that an accurate value of the grating vector can be calculated. The second one is based on interference measurements at zero spatial frequency limit. We calculate the shrinkage for three different photopolymers: a polyvinyl alcohol acrylamide (PVA/AA) based photopolymer, one of the greenest photopolymers whose patent belongs to the Alicante University called Biophotopol and on the last place a holographic-dispersed liquid crystal photopolymer (H-PDLC)..

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Self-written waveguide in methylene blue sensitized poly(vinyl alcohol)/acrylamide photopolymer material

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Thermo-optic waveguide gate switch arrays based on direct UV-written highly fluorinated low-loss photopolymer

Thermo-optic waveguide gate switch arrays based on direct UV-written highly fluorinated low-loss photopolymer

Self-written waveguides in a dry acrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol photopolymer material

Shrinkage measurement for holographic recording materials

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