Self-transferable plasmids determining the hemolysin and bacteriocin of Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes

Jacob, A. E.; Douglas, G J; Hobbs, S J

doi:10.1128/jb.121.3.863-872.1975

Cited by 111 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although we did not study many antibiotic resistant strains, the reason why bacteriocinogenic strains were not drug resistant is of great interest. Since drug resistance and bacteriocinogeny appear to be mediated by plasmids in Streptococcus faecalis (8,9) and Streptococcus pyogenes (17), it might be possible that the drug resistance and bacteriocinogeny in Streptococcus mutans are also coded by the respective plasmids and that these two plasmids are mutually exclusive of each other. Therefore, bacteriocin typings of new antibiotic resistant isolates of this bacterium will be of great future interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriocinogeny and Antibiotic Resistance of Naturally Occurring Strains of Streptococcus mutans

Katayama

Ishikawa

Arai

1979

Microbiology and Immunology

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We studied bacteriocinogenies and antibiotic resistances of naturally occurring strains of Streptococcus mutans isolated from different sources.It was found that naturally occurring strains from humans and rats were distinguished by their bacteriocin susceptibilities and production.We had a few incidences of tetracycline resistant strains only among those isolated from rats.It is quite interesting that none of the resistant strains we collected produced bacteriocins.Streptococcus mutans is well known for its cariogenicity ( 1,3,16). It is classified into seven serological types (12,19), and DNA analysis also indicated its heterogeneity (2), but little work has been reported on fresh isolates of this bacterium except for serotypings.We were planning to perform some genetic studies on the fresh isolates of this bacterium, and as the first step, we examined their non-physiological properties, such as bacteriocinogeny (10, 13), lysogeny (5) and antibiotic resistance. There are some reports on each of these properties (4,7,11,14,15,18), but all except Rogers (14) worked exclusively with established strains, and no comparative studies were carried out for all of these properties simultaneously. MATERIALS AND METHODSStrains employed We isolated naturally occurring fresh strains from oral cavities of man and rats with gelatin agar medium containing 2% gelatin, 1% meat extract, 0.1% glucose, 30% sucrose and 2% agar (pH 7.2). Colonies which appeared on the plates after 48 hr of incubation were selected according to their morphological characteristics, purified on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar (Difco) after five sub-cultures, and identified by their cell-morphologies according to Gram stains, hemolytic activities, sugar fermenation, and adherence to the wall of a test tube containing sucrose-broth. These isolates were maintained on Todd-Hewitt agar (BBL) and were periodically checked for typical growth on mitis-salivarius agar (Difco). All incubations were carried out anaerobically using the BBL Gas Pak system at 37 C.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriocinogeny and Antibiotic Resistance of Naturally Occurring Strains of Streptococcus mutans

Katayama

Ishikawa

Arai

1979

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Localization of the cytolysin determinant to conjugative plasmids was achieved through broth mating experiments (Dunny and Clewell, 1975;Jacob et al ., 1975), and it was also observed that the conjugative plasmid harbouring the cytolysin determinant was pheromone responsive (Dunny et al ., 1978;1979; for a recent review of pheromone plasmid transfer, see Clewell, 1999).…”

Section: Role Of Cytolysin In E Faecalis Infection Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enterococcus faecalis cytolysin: a novel toxin active against eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Coburn¹,

Gilmore²

2003

Cell Microbiol

159

123

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SummaryThe enterococcal cytolysin, a two-peptide lytic system, is a divergent relative of a large family of toxins and bacteriocins secreted by pathogenic and nonpathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. This family includes the lantibiotics and streptolysin S. The enterococcal cytolysin is of interest because its activities enhance enterococcal virulence in infection models and, in epidemiological studies, it has been associated with patient mortality. The cytolysin is lethal for a broad range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and this activity requires two non-identical, post-translationally modified peptides. The smaller of the two peptides also plays a role in a quorumsensing autoinduction of the cytolysin operon. As a trait that is present in particularly virulent strains of Enterococcus faecalis , including strains that are resistant to multiple antibiotics, it serves as a model for testing the value of developing new virulencetargeting therapeutics. Further, because of the interest in small membrane active peptides as therapeutics themselves, studies of the molecular structure/ activity relationships for the cytolysin peptides are providing insights into the physical basis for prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cell targeting.

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“…zymogenes. Since the differentiation of these organisms is based on unstable, plasmiddependent (Jacob et al 1975) haemolytic activity (Deibel 1964) it was decided to group these organisms under Strep. faecalis.…”

Section: Collection and Ident8cation Of Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Eight Media‐procedures for Recovering Faecal Streptococci from Water under Winter Conditions

Dutka

Kwan

1978

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Four combinations of media for membrane filtration (MF) and one for Most Probable Number (MPN) estimation were evaluated for their ability to enumerate faecal streptococci from five types of waters under winter conditions, using various regimes of temperature and incubation. A total of 5910 isolates was identified and the data used to recalculate the total populations estimated by each method. From this study the most notable observation was that those media incubated at 44.5 "C to enhance their selectivity were the least sensitive. The sensitivity of the MPN procedure utilizing azide dextrose and ethyl violet azide broths incubated at 35 "C for 48 h was equal to that of the most sensitive membrane filtration procedure.

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Self-transferable plasmids determining the hemolysin and bacteriocin of Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes

Cited by 111 publications

References 22 publications

Bacteriocinogeny and Antibiotic Resistance of Naturally Occurring Strains of Streptococcus mutans

Bacteriocinogeny and Antibiotic Resistance of Naturally Occurring Strains of Streptococcus mutans

The Enterococcus faecalis cytolysin: a novel toxin active against eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Comparison of Eight Media‐procedures for Recovering Faecal Streptococci from Water under Winter Conditions

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