Self-sustaining enzyme nanocapsules perform on-site chemical reactions

Abstract

Nanoreactors offer a great platform for the onsite generation of functional products. However, the production of the desired compound is often limited by either the availability of the reagents or...

Polymer nano-systems for the encapsulation and delivery of active biomacromolecular therapeutic agents

“…Controlled release of plasmidDNA 66 Absence of chemical modification of the drug Limited encapsulation efficiencies Targeted delivery of siRNA 67 Variety of morphologies and architectures High risk of dissociation in blood mRNA delivery (animal study) 68 High protection Polymersome delivery of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (preclinical trials) 69 Nanoparticle/ nanogel/ nanocapsule Physical encapsulation Protein encapsulation 70 Absence of chemical modification of the drug Risk of denaturation due to crosslinking reactions involved Enzyme nanocapsules 71 High protection Delivery and controlled release of deoxyribonuclease I 72 High stability Vaccine development based on nanogel protein delivery (animal study) 73 Easy incorporation of smart units Iduronate 2-sulfatase delivery with PLGA nanoparticles (preclinical testing) 74 Controlled release harness the immune stimulatory benefits of the protein to increase the anti-tumor responses while minimizing undesired therapeutical side effects. 84 In this PEG-functionalized form, the IL2 is inactive and a biological prodrug.…”

“…For instance, such an approach allowed for the encapsulation of multiple enzymes in one nanocapsule with the aim of performing enzymatic cascade reactions. 71 Similar strategies have been used to prepare both polymer and silica nanocapsules. 71,161 All of the enzymes involved maintained their enzymatic activity after the encapsulation while they were successfully protected against proteases and heat.…”

“…71 Similar strategies have been used to prepare both polymer and silica nanocapsules. 71,161 All of the enzymes involved maintained their enzymatic activity after the encapsulation while they were successfully protected against proteases and heat. This strategy, of encapsulating biomacromolecular payload dissolved in the aqueous phase of an inverse miniemulsion by the formation of a shell at the droplet interface, has been used successfully to encapsulate enzyme and SiRNA in polymer and silica nanocapsules.…”

“…Upon the initiation of the polymerization or crosslinking reaction, the polymer network becomes insoluble and precipitates as solid particles. 71,157,163,164 Examples of application. The distinct structures produced by the different methods display different properties.…”

“…In another approach, nanocapsules were prepared from the biomacromolecular therapeutic agent itself. 71 For instance, proteins and enzymes were crosslinked in an inverse miniemulsion to obtain solid protein nanocapsules with a retained biological activity of the biomacromolecules (Fig. 6c and d).…”