“…In 2012, the first triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) proposed by Wang’s team showed great prospects in applications of self-powered systems [ 14 ]. With deeper research over the interim, TENGs have offered unique advantages in low-frequency energy collection, specifically, high output voltages from small input excitations [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. They are widely used to harvest energy from environment, such as mechanical energy [ 18 , 19 , 20 ], tidal energy [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], and wind energy from various environments [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”