“…151,157,158 Regarding monochalcogenides, NiX and CoX also exhibited superior HER and OER activity in an alkaline medium; 153,159,160 however, FeS has also demonstrated superior activity towards the OER process, which might be due to different surface area and roughness factors between the examined metal monosulfides. 150,[161][162][163] However, it is important to accurately estimate the active surface area of the catalyst to provide a meaningful comparison of the effect of the chemical nature of metal chalcogenides on their electrocatalytic activity. 164,165 The HER activity of both MnS 2 and MnS is the lowest compared to other chalcogenides due to weak hydrogen bonding to the surface resulting from the smallest DOS occupation near the Fermi level, 153,166,167 and the same conclusion was done towards the OER activity of manganese sulphide, which is most likely due to the strong OH-M 2+d bond (Fig.…”