Self‐sterility in <i>Ipomopsis aggregata</i> (Polemoniaceae) is due to prezygotic ovule degeneration

Sage, Tammy L.; Price, Mary V.; Waser, Nickolas M.

doi:10.3732/ajb.93.2.254

Cited by 56 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The studies of pollen-seed relationships just cited involved hand pollination with outcrossed pollen, whereas natural pollen loads may include self-pollen from transfer within flowers and among flowers within the same plant (i.e., geitonogamy). Geitonogamy in the self-sterile I. aggregata can average half of all pollen delivery, depressing seed set by 25% (de Jong et al 1992), presumably through maternal abortion of ovules (Sage et al 2006). For this species, undusted flowers might average seed sets close to those of dusted flowers if pollinators tend to visit more flowers (and therefore effect more geitonogamy) on undusted plants.…”

Section: International Journal Of Plant Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Road Dust on the Pollination and Reproduction of Wildflowers

Waser

Price

Casco

et al. 2017

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Editor: Janette Steets Premise of research. Dust particles and pollen grains are similar in size. Dust deposition might therefore influence the pollination and reproduction of flowering plants. Little is known about such effects, however, despite more general interest in ecological effects of dust.Methodology. We used observational and experimental methods to explore whether dust generated by traffic on unpaved roads affects the amounts of pollen received and numbers of seeds produced by four species of native wildflowers in the western United States.Pivotal results. Flowers of Nuttall's larkspur (Delphinium nuttallianum), scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata), Lewis flax (Linum lewisii), and sulphur paintbrush (Castilleja sulphurea) growing 1-2 m from a road received substantially more dust and less pollen than those growing 40-50 m away. We observed the same pattern when we transplanted individuals of the first two species into pots and placed pots near to compared with far from a road. Experimental "hand dusting" of scarlet gilia and Lewis flax plants also reduced stigma pollen loads to a degree that resembled the average effect of road proximity for those species. On the other hand, numbers of seeds per flower ("seed set") did not vary consistently for any species as a function of road proximity or hand-dusting treatment.Conclusions. Several mechanisms might contribute to the different effects of dust on pollen loads and seed set. We discuss four possible mechanisms, which we refer to as pollen excess, pollen quality, resource limitation, and compensatory herbivory. These mechanisms suggest avenues for further study of dust, pollination, and plant reproduction with this and other systems.

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Section: International Journal Of Plant Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Road Dust on the Pollination and Reproduction of Wildflowers

Waser

Price

Casco

et al. 2017

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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“…Self-incompatibility is a genetically controlled mechanism, and extensively exist in plant, functioning to depress inbreeding production and to enhance heterozygosity (de Nettancourt 1997;Sage et al 2006;Fuchinoue 1979). The tea plant exhibits allogamy and self-incompatibility, and being highly heterozygous and heterogeneous (Kaundun & Matsumoto 2002;Chen et al 2005;Zhao et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-acting self-incompatibility in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

et al. 2012

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The self-incompatibility of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) was studied with the methods of aniline blue fluorescence assay and paraffin sections. The characteristics of pollen tube elongation after hand pollination was analyzed in 4 tea cultivars, including 'Keemenzhong', 'Longjing-changye', 'Fuding-dabaicha' and 'Yabukita', under selfpollination and cross-pollination, respectively. Although there were some difference among cultivars, pollen tubes elongated through the style and reach the ovary successfully at 48 h after pollination for both cross-and self-pollen tubes in all the four cultivars of tea. Pollen tubes entered into the ovule micropyles, however, only for cross-pollination, but not for selfpollination. Pollen tubes of selfing plants, failed in fertilizing, seemed have some difficulties to enter the ovule. All of which indicated that the self-incompatibility of tea plant is a late-acting self-incompatibility system (LSI) or an ovarian sterility (OS), in which the self incompatibility was due to none self pollen tube penetrating into the ovule and no fertilization.

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“…causes stigma or stylar clogging ( Howlett et al, 1975 ;Shore and Barrett, 1984 ;Webb and Lloyd, 1986 ;Scribailo and Barrett, 1994 ;Cesaro et al, 2004 ). In species with late-acting ovarian self-incompatibility, self-pollen tubes may disable ovules otherwise available for cross-fertilization, i.e., ovule discounting ( Waser and Price, 1991 ;Barrett et al, 1996 ;Sage et al, 1999Sage et al, , 2006Navarro et al, 2012 ). Whether L. fruticosa possesses a late-acting self-incompatibility system is currently unknown; however, it may be signifi cant that this form of incompatibility has been previously reported in species with stigma-height dimorphism, including members of the Boraginaceae ( Dulberger, 1964( Dulberger, , 1970Philipp and Schou, 1981 ;Schou and Philipp, 1984 ;Barrett et al, 1997 ;Simón-Porcar et al, 2015b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between sex‐organ deployment and morph bias in related heterostylous taxa with different stylar polymorphisms

Ferrero

Barrett

Rojas

et al. 2016

American J of Botany

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Heterostyly is a genetic polymorphism in which populations are composed of two (distyly) or three (tristyly) fl oral morphs that differ in the reciprocal placement of stigmas and anthers within fl owers ( Darwin, 1877 ;Barrett, 1992 ). Th e genetic control of the polymorphism in distylous plants usually involves a single Mendelian diallelic locus in which the long-styled morph is of genotype ss and the short-styled morph is of genotype Ss , although in several species the dominance relations at the S -locus are reversed ( Lewis and Jones, 1992 ). Th e fl oral morphs are maintained in populations by negative frequency-dependent selection resulting from intermorph (disassortative) mating. With this genetic system and disassortative mating, a 1:1 morph ratio (isoplethy; Finney, 1953 ) is expected in equilibrium populations.Th e classic textbook depiction of heterostyly as a balanced polymorphism (e.g., Roughgarden, 1979 ;Silvertown and Charlesworth, 2009 ;Charlesworth and Charlesworth, 2010 ) is largely based on knowledge of distyly in Primula and emphasizes how the reciprocal positioning of sex organs (reciprocal herkogamy) associated with a self and intramorph incompatibility system (heteromorphic incompatibility) promotes outcrossing in populations. PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Populations of heterostylous species are characterized by two or three fl oral morphs with reciprocal positioning of stigmas and anthers. Theoretical models predict equal morph frequencies (isoplethy) when disassortative mating is prevalent in populations, but biased morph ratios may occur when variation in the expression of heterostyly causes deviations from intermorph mating. METHODS:We explore the role of sex-organ deployment in governing morph ratios in two closely related genera of Boraginaceae, exhibiting striking variation in fl oral traits associated with the heterostylous syndrome. We sampled 66 populations of six species of Glandora and 39 populations of three species of Lithodora across their distributional range in the Mediterranean. In each population we estimated morph ratios and measured several fl oral traits. We used phylogenetically corrected and noncorrected regressions to test the hypothesis that diff erences in sex-organ reciprocity and herkogamy are associated with deviations from isoplethy.KEY RESULTS: Biased morph ratios occurred in 24% of populations, particularly in Lithodora . Populations biased for the long-styled morph (L-morph) were more frequent than the short-styled morph (S-morph). Distylous species were less likely to exhibit biased ratios than species with stigma-height dimorphism. In Lithodora fruticosa , a species lacking reciprocity, decreased herkogamy in the S-morph was associated with increasing L-morph bias, perhaps resulting from self-interference. CONCLUSION:Striking variation in the expression of heterostyly in Glandora and Lithodora is associated with biased morph ratios, which probably result from pollinator-mediated mating asymmetries within populations.

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Self‐sterility in Ipomopsis aggregata (Polemoniaceae) is due to prezygotic ovule degeneration

Cited by 56 publications

References 66 publications

Effects of Road Dust on the Pollination and Reproduction of Wildflowers

Effects of Road Dust on the Pollination and Reproduction of Wildflowers

Late-acting self-incompatibility in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

Associations between sex‐organ deployment and morph bias in related heterostylous taxa with different stylar polymorphisms

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