Self-Similarity, Distortion Waves, and the Essence of Morphogenesis: A Generalized View of Color Pattern Formation in Butterfly Wings

Otaki, Joji M.

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4956-9_7

Cited by 15 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…These organizing centers can be identified as the pupal cuticle spots in pupae [38,39]. Based on this fact and other observations, the distortion hypothesis has been proposed, in which physical distortion of the wing tissue functions as the primary morphogenic signal [13]. Physical distortion of the wing epithelial sheet will be created when cells at the organizers selectively increase their sizes via an increase in cell number or polyploidization.…”

Section: Possible Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Similarly, the induced black signal could not make contact with parafocal elements, suggesting that the inhibitory signals are present along parafocal elements. The similar inhibitory area that surrounds an eyespot has generally been termed the imaginary ring [13,22]. The reason that the imaginary ring was not observed around the major eyespot is not well understood, but development of an imaginary ring around the major eyespot may require additional time before the end of the pattern determination period.…”

Section: Synergistic Response To Double Background Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Butterfly color patterns are constructed based on three major symmetry systems, two peripheral systems, and other accessory systems [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Each symmetry system is composed of a collection of color-pattern elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The induction model is essentially a formal model based on observations, experimental results, and integrative logics, and it is not a computational model that introduces many unknown assumptions. It is true that the induction model proposes unknown mechanisms such as mechanistic waves [13], but these unknowns should be tested and replaced, if necessary, with alternative ideas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, each subelement (components of an element, some of which are indicated in Figure 2B) of the eyespot appears to behave independently; their elongation directions are inconsistent ( Figure 2C). Such independent behaviors of sub-elements within a given element are called uncoupling [13,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic Damage Response of the Double-Focus Eyespot in the Hindwing of the Peacock Pansy Butterfly

Iwasaki¹,

Otaki²

2017

Lepidoptera

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Eyespot color patterns in butterfly wings are determined by the putative morphogenic signals from organizers. Previous experiments using physical damage to the forewing eyespots of the peacock pansy butterfly, Junonia almana (Linnaeus, 1758), suggested that the morphogenic signals dynamically interact with each other, involving enhancement of activation signals and interactions between activation and inhibitory signals. Here, we focused on the large double-focus fusion eyespot on the hindwing of J. almana to test the involvement of the proposed signal interactions. Early damage at a single focus of the prospective double-focus eyespot produced a smaller but circular eyespot, suggesting the existence of synergistic interactions between the signals from two sources. Late damage at a single focus reduced the size of the inner core disk but simultaneously enlarged the outermost black ring. Damage at two nearby sites in the background induced an extensive black area, possibly as a result of the synergistic enhancement of the two induced signals. These results confirmed the previous forewing results and provided further evidence for the long-range and synergistic interactive nature of the morphogenic signals that may be explained by a reaction-diffusion mechanism as a part of the induction model for color-pattern formation in butterfly wings.

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Section: Possible Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Synergistic Response To Double Background Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Synergistic Damage Response of the Double-Focus Eyespot in the Hindwing of the Peacock Pansy Butterfly

Iwasaki¹,

Otaki²

2017

Lepidoptera

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The wing pattern of Hydriomena Hübner, [1825] (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) lacks a predictable relationship with venation

Schachat

2019

Journal of Morphology

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Two simple models have been successfully applied to predict the relationship between wing pattern and venation in various lineages of Lepidoptera. However, neither of these models holds for the geometrid genus Hydriomena Hübner, 1825. Wing patterns in Hydriomena were studied intensively during the 1920s after the description of the nymphalid groundplan, an idealized schematic that outlines the primary elements of butterfly wing patterns; geometrids strongly resemble butterflies and, until recently, were considered to be among their closest relatives. The evolution of wing pattern in Geometridae has been neglected since the 1930s. Here, the relationship between wing pattern and venation is examined for Hydriomena costipunctata Barnes andMcDunnough, 1912 and the Hydriomena speciosata (Packard, 1873) group. These two lineages have some of the simplest wing patterns in Hydriomena, consisting of large, well-defined dark and light pattern elements. The relationship between wing pattern and venation varies considerably within and between these lineages and can even vary between the right and left wings on the same individual. Although many different wing patterns were observed among the individuals examined for this study, not one can be reconciled with either of the models that successfully predict the relationship between wing pattern and venation in many other groups of Lepidoptera. This suggests that bands occurring on the wings of Hydriomena are not homologous with those on the wings of butterflies or of Acronictinae (Macroheterocera: Noctuidae), the only other two obtectomeran lineages for which the relationship between wing pattern and venation has been examined in recent years.

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Mechanism of Color Pattern Formation in Insects

Fukutomi

Koshikawa

2021

Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns

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Self-Similarity, Distortion Waves, and the Essence of Morphogenesis: A Generalized View of Color Pattern Formation in Butterfly Wings

Cited by 15 publications

References 89 publications

Synergistic Damage Response of the Double-Focus Eyespot in the Hindwing of the Peacock Pansy Butterfly

Synergistic Damage Response of the Double-Focus Eyespot in the Hindwing of the Peacock Pansy Butterfly

The wing pattern of Hydriomena Hübner, [1825] (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) lacks a predictable relationship with venation

Mechanism of Color Pattern Formation in Insects

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