Self-sensing and self-healing in composites

Hayes, Shannon; Swait, T.J.; Lafferty, Austin D.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-280-8.00009-1

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…For this reason, resistivity measurements were performed on the prepared composites by adopting a four-probe configuration. Rectangular specimens having a length 40 mm and a width 13 mm were cut from four layered laminates, and the lateral side of each sample was covered with silver paint, to improve the conductivity of the surfaces in contact with the testing electrodes [ 37 , 38 ].The experimental setup was composed by a DC electricity generator IPS 303DD (ISO-TECH Kunststoff GmbH, Ahaus, Germany) and two digital multimeters IDM 67 (ISO-TECH Kunststoff GmbH, Ahaus, Germany). The current and voltage passing through the samples were recorded at selected output voltages equal to 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 V. At least five specimens were tested for each composition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Mending of Electroactive Carbon/Epoxy Laminates Using a Porous Poly(ε-caprolactone) Electrospun Mesh

et al. 2021

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For the first time, a porous mesh of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was electrospun directly onto carbon fiber (CF) plies and used to develop novel structural epoxy (EP) composites with electro-activated self-healing properties. Three samples, i.e., the neat EP/CF composite and two laminates containing a limited amount of PCL (i.e., 5 wt.% and 10 wt.%), were prepared and characterized from a microstructural and thermo-mechanical point of view. The introduction of the PCL mesh led to a reduction in the flexural stress at break (by 17%), of the interlaminar shear strength (by 15%), and of the interlaminar shear strength (by 39%). The interlaminar fracture toughness of the prepared laminates was evaluated under mode I, and broken samples were thermally mended at 80 °C (i.e., above the melting temperature of PCL) by resistive heating generated by a current flow within the samples through Joule’s effect. It was demonstrated that, thanks to the presence of the electrospun PCL mesh, the laminate with a PCL of 10 wt.% showed healing efficiency values up to 31%.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Mending of Electroactive Carbon/Epoxy Laminates Using a Porous Poly(ε-caprolactone) Electrospun Mesh

et al. 2021

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“…Currently, researchers tend to adopt thermally activated thermoplastic resins for selfhealing, employing the ERCM for damage selfsensing. [18][19][20][21][22] Yang et al 23 introduced CNTs into GF/EVA interface, increasing the interfacial shear strength by 48.9%. The corresponding change in resistivity effectively reflected the structural damage and deformation during the testing process, and the interfacial damage was successfully repaired by resistive heating with a maximum healing efficiency of 88.62%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon fiber reinforced composites with self‐sensing and self‐healing capabilities enabled by CNT‐modified nanofibers

Wan,

Shen,

Tang

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with self‐sensing and self‐healing capabilities was developed in this work. Uniform dispersion of CNTs within a core‐shell nanofiber structure was achieved through a combination of electrospinning and subsequent surface spraying of CNTs. The resulting core‐shell nanofibers were incorporated into CFRP composites using a vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding process. Mechanical testing demonstrated improved mechanical properties in the composites treated with CNT spraying. Real‐time, precise monitoring of structural damage was enabled through the measurement of electrical signal changes caused by composite deformation in static loading experiments. Furthermore, self‐healing experiments demonstrated that the thermally conductive network formed by CNTs facilitated more uniform heat transfer within the composites. During the healing process, resistive heating of damaged specimens was applied, resulting in a remarkable healing efficiency of 95.2%. The experiments indicate that the composite developed in this paper possess excellent self‐sensing and self‐healing capabilities.Highlights Damage self‐sensing and self‐healing CFRP composites were developed. CNTs‐modified nanofibers were applied to endow the composite specific abilities. Resistivity signals were collected for real‐time damage monitoring. The self‐healing efficiency of the designed composite reached up to 95.2%. Self‐sensing and self‐healing occurred autonomously within closed‐loop structure.

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“…By definition, composites consist of two (or more) phases with different properties [ 22 ]. Extensive research has been based on the electrical conductivity of the carbon fibers and their unique electrical anisotropy to detect strain and damage or identify the damage location [ 17 , 23 , 24 ]. Another approach in recent years has been the addition of a third nanophase in non-conductive composites, i.e., glass fiber-reinforced composites (GFRPs) [ 11 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsule-Based Self-Healing and Self-Sensing Composites with Enhanced Mechanical and Electrical Restoration

et al. 2022

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In this work, we report for the first time the manufacturing and characterization of smart multifunctional, capsule-based self-healing and self-sensing composites. In detail, neat and nanomodified UF microcapsules were synthesized and incorporated into composites with a nanomodified epoxy matrix for the restoration of the mechanical and electrical properties. The electrical properties were evaluated with the use of the impedance spectroscopy method. The self-healing composites were subjected to mode-II fracture toughness tests. Additionally, the lap strap geometry that can simulate the mechanical behavior of a stiffened panel was used. The introduction of the nanomodified self-healing system improved the initial mechanical properties in the mode-II fracture toughness by +29%, while the values after the healing process exceeded the initial one. At lap strap geometry, the incorporation of the self-healing system did not affect the initial mechanical properties that were fully recovered after the healing process.

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Self-sensing and self-healing in composites

Cited by 8 publications

References 71 publications

Thermal Mending of Electroactive Carbon/Epoxy Laminates Using a Porous Poly(ε-caprolactone) Electrospun Mesh

Thermal Mending of Electroactive Carbon/Epoxy Laminates Using a Porous Poly(ε-caprolactone) Electrospun Mesh

Carbon fiber reinforced composites with self‐sensing and self‐healing capabilities enabled by CNT‐modified nanofibers

Capsule-Based Self-Healing and Self-Sensing Composites with Enhanced Mechanical and Electrical Restoration

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