Self-Sanitization in a Silk Nanofibrous Network for Biodegradable PM_0.3 Filters with In Situ Joule Heating

Abstract

In the contemporary way of life, face masks are crucial in managing disease transmission and battling air pollution. However, two key challenges, self-sanitization and biodegradation of face masks, need immediate attention, prompting the development of innovative solutions for the future. In this study, we present a novel approach that combines controlled acid hydrolysis and mechanical chopping to synthesize a silk nanofibrous network (SNN) seamlessly integrated with a wearable stainless steel mesh, resulting in the fabrication of self-sanitizable face masks. The distinct architecture of face masks showcases remarkable filtration efficiencies of 91.4, 95.4, and 98.3% for PM 0.3 , PM 0.5 , and PM 1.0 , respectively, while maintaining a comfortable level of breathability (ΔP = 92 Pa). Additionally, the face mask shows that a remarkable thermal resistance of 472 °C cm 2 W −1 generates heat spontaneously at low voltage, deactivating Escherichia coli bacteria on the SNN, enabling self-sanitization. The SNN exhibited complete disintegration within the environment in just 10 days, highlighting the remarkable biodegradability of the face mask. The unique advantage of self-sanitization and biodegradation in a face mask filter is simultaneously achieved for the first time, which will open avenues to accomplish environmentally benign nextgeneration face masks.